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2025 Supreme(SC) 1544

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
J.B. PARDIWALA AND R. MAHADEVAN, JJ.
Thadiyus Tirki – Appellant
Versus
State of M.P.(Now Chhattisgarh)
Criminal Appeal No.698 of 2016
Decided on : 01-05-2025

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 458, 363, 366, 307, 376, and 34 - Conviction under Section 458 upheld; convictions under Sections 366 and 376 set aside due to lack of evidence for the prosecutrix's age and absence of resistance - The High Court affirmed the trial court’s conviction of appellant for trespassing and maintained others' roles in complex criminal charges - Summary of offenses indicates serious implications of abduction and violence - The appeal by the appellant was only partly allowed, reducing the sentence to time already served. (Paras 1-12)

(B) Legal Principle - The court emphasized that the prosecution bears the burden of proving essential elements of the crime, especially regarding the victim's age for charges involving minors, which directly affects the legal classification of the offenses committed. (Paras 11, 12)

Facts of the case:
The appellant and co-accused were convicted for offenses including trespassing and abduction. The appellant's conviction was for violating Section 458, with the trial court finding corroborating evidence of criminal acts. However, the High Court acquitted him and another co-accused from statutory rape charges due to insufficient evidence regarding the victim's age.

Findings of Court:
The court maintained the conviction for trespassing and other offenses, while dismissing higher charges due to lack of evidence. The sentence was considered complete based on time served.

Issues: The main issues addressed include the verification of the prosecutrix's age and the implications of her conduct during the alleged abduction.

Ratio Decidendi: The court maintained that the conviction must rely on substantial evidence and clear legal definitions, especially concerning the age of the prosecutrix in sexual offense cases. Lack of evidence on this critical point led to the acquittal of certain charges against the appellant.

Result: The appeal was partly allowed; the conviction under Section 458 IPC was maintained while the other charges were overturned.

Table of Content
1. overview of the appeal and trial background. (Para 1 , 2 , 4)
2. trial court's conviction details and evidence. (Para 3 , 5)
3. court's decision on appeal and sentencing. (Para 6)
4. final orders and conclusion of the appeal. (Para 8 , 9)

ORDER :

1. This appeal arises from a common judgment and order passed by the High Court of Chhattisgarh at Bilaspur dated 22.11.2012 by which the Criminal Appeal No.476 of 1996 preferred by the appellant herein against the judgment and order of the conviction passed by the trial court holding him guilty of the offence punishable under Section 458 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , 1860 ("IPC") came to be affirmed.

2. It appears that the appellant herein and four other co-accused were put to trial in the Court of the Additional Sessions Judge, Jashpur Nagar, District Raipur, Madhya Pradesh on the charge of having committed offences punishable under Sections 458 , 363, 366, 307 & 376 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The Trial Court acquitted two of the co-accused while convicted the other three co-accused.

3. The operative part of the order passed by the Trial Court reads thus:

"19. In this manner, offence of abduction of prosecutrix Kusum from her house situated in village Karma forcibly by the accused persons Manoj and Prakash, is proved beyond any reasonable doubt. Offence of rape by the accused Manoj under his custody with prosecutrix Kusum is proved.

20. In this manner, conclusion arrived at on the basis of aforementioned analysis, offence of section 458 of INDIAN PENAL CODE for trespassing in the house of complainant Kamla with intention to inflict injury is proved against accused persons Manoj Minj, Prakash Karketta and Thadiyus Tirki. Remaining accused persons are acquitted from the charges leveled for offence under section 458 of INDIAN PENAL CODE .

21. Offence of inflicting injuries with sharp edged object on the person Rekha daughter of the complainant, forcibly abduction of her daughter Kusum Bai from her house situated in village Karma is proved against accused persons Manoj Minj, Prakash Karketta, therefore, accused persons Manoj Minj, Prakash are held guilty for committing offence under section 307 of INDIAN PENAL CODE , in substitution under section 324 of INDIAN PENAL CODE and section 365 of INDIAN PENAL CODE . Remaining accused persons are acquitted from the charges leveled for offence under sections 307 and 366 of INDIAN PENAL CODE .

22. On the basis of analysis of evidence and conclusion, offence of rape with prosecutrix Kusum against accused Manoj is proved. Therefore, accused Manoj is held guilty for committing offence under section 376 of INDIAN PENAL CODE . Remaining accused persons are acquitted from the charges leveled for offence section 376/34 of INDIAN PENAL CODE .

23. Accused of kidnapping minor Kusum Bai from her lawful custody is not proved against all accused persons. Therefore, all accused persons are acquitted from the charges leveled for offence section 363 of INDIAN PENAL CODE .

24. Bail bonds of accused persons Sunil Tirki, Vijay and Prakash Lakda are cancelled."

4. Out of three, one of the co-accused did not prefer any appeal before the High Court. The two co-accused, i.e., the appellant herein and one Manoj Kumar Minj preferred two Criminal Appeals before the High Court. The High Court, by impugned judgment maintained the conviction of the appellant herein for the offence under Section 458 of the IPC and dismissed the appeals.

5. The operative part of the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court reads thus:

"11. As regards conviction of appellant Manoj under Section 366 and 376 of IPC, it is apparent from the record that the prosecutrix accompanied accused Manoj firstly to village Gholen, then to Assam and then to Jalpaiguri (W.B.). The evidence also makes it clear that when the prosecutrix was taken by the appellant to all these places, she did not offer any resistance or made any effort to come out from his clutches. Further, the pr

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