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2025 Supreme(SC) 1730

B. V. NAGARATHNA, R. MAHADEVAN
Arshad Neyaz Khan – Appellant
Versus
State of Jharkhand – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Petitioner(s): Ms. Srija Choudhury, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Rajiv Shankar Dvivedi, Adv. Ms. Madhusmita Bora, AOR Mr. Pawan Kishore Singh, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, the key legal principles and conclusions are as follows:

  1. Offense of Breach of Trust: Not every act of breach of trust constitutes a criminal offense unless there is clear evidence of fraudulent misappropriation of property. Mere failure to perform contractual obligations, such as not transferring property or refunding money, without evidence of dishonest intent, does not amount to criminal breach of trust (!) (!) .

  2. Offense of Cheating: To establish cheating under the law, it must be shown that the accused had a fraudulent or dishonest intention at the time of making a promise or representation. A failure to fulfill a promise alone, without evidence of such intent from the outset, does not constitute cheating. The absence of allegations indicating deliberate deception or dishonesty at the time of agreement is crucial (!) (!) .

  3. Legal Presumption and Burden of Proof: The prosecution must prove the accused's dishonest or fraudulent intent at the time of the alleged act. Presuming such intent solely based on subsequent failure to perform is not permissible. The facts must support the inference of culpable mental state from the outset (!) (!) .

  4. Delay and Alternative Remedies: A significant delay in filing the complaint (nearly eight years) raises questions about the bona fide nature of the allegations. Additionally, the complainant had an alternative civil remedy to seek damages, which was not pursued, indicating that criminal proceedings may be misused or are unwarranted (!) .

  5. Mala Fide and Vexatious Proceedings: If the allegations are made with mala fide intent, or the proceedings are initiated with ulterior motives such as harassment or vendetta, the criminal case can be quashed. The court must ensure that criminal prosecution is not used as an instrument of harassment or for personal vendettas (!) (!) .

  6. Principle of Inherent Jurisdiction: The court has the power to quash criminal proceedings if they are found to be based on frivolous or mala fide allegations, or if they do not prima facie constitute an offense. This exercise of jurisdiction is essential to prevent abuse of process and to uphold justice (!) (!) .

  7. Outcome: In this case, the court found no prima facie evidence of dishonest intention or fraudulent conduct at the time of the agreement. The allegations were deemed to be made with mala fide intent, and continuing criminal proceedings would cause undue harassment. Therefore, the criminal proceedings, including the FIR and complaint, were quashed (!) .

These principles emphasize that criminal proceedings require clear and cogent evidence of fraudulent intent from the outset and that courts must be vigilant against misuse of criminal law for personal or vindictive reasons.


JUDGMENT :

NAGARATHNA, J.

Leave granted.

2. This appeal arises out of the order dated 19.01.2023 passed by the High Court of Jharkhand at Ranchi in Cr.M.P. No.2384 of 2022 dismissing the application filed under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter ‘CrPC’ for short) preferred by the accused-appellant and thereby refusing to quash the proceedings arising out of the Complaint Case No.619 of 2021 and FIR No.18 of 2021 dated 08.02.2021 registered at PS Hindpiri that was filed by Md. Mustafa, the complainant/respondent No.2.

3. Briefly stated, the facts of the case are that the appellant is the owner of the property situated at Khata No.186, MS Plot No.1322, Sub Plot No.1322/38-A and that he is also the power of attorney holder for the property adjacent to the above-mentioned plot situated at Sub-Plot No.1322/39-A-1.

4. On 16.02.2013, the appellant entered into an agreement for sale of the aforesaid properties with the complainant/respondent No.2 for a total consideration of Rs.43,00,000/-. Out of the said consideration, the petitioner received an advance payment of Rs.20,00,000/- on the date of agreement for sale.

5. Thereafter, on 29.01.2021, after nearly eight years fr

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