IN THE HIGH COURT OF ANDHRA PRADESH AT AMARAVATI
V. GOPALA KRISHNA RAO, J.
Lonagala Pothu Naidu and Ors. – Appellants
Versus
Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and Ors. – Respondents
First Appeal No. 637 of 2007
Decided On : 16-04-2024
(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 96 - Appeal against dismissal of suit for declaration of title and permanent injunction - Plaintiffs claimed title and possession over ancestral property - Defendants remained ex parte - Burden of proof lies on plaintiffs to establish title despite defendants' absence - Court held that plaintiffs failed to prove title but were entitled to permanent injunction against interference in possession. (Paras 11, 22, 24)
(B) Legal Principles - In a suit for declaration of title, the burden of proof lies heavily on the plaintiffs, even if the defendants do not contest - The court cannot grant relief unless the plaintiffs establish their right and title. (Paras 15, 22)
Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs sought a declaration of title and permanent injunction over ancestral property, claiming possession and enjoyment since a family partition. The trial court dismissed the suit, leading to this appeal.
Findings of Court:
The plaintiffs were in possession but failed to prove their title; hence, they were granted a permanent injunction against interference by the defendants.
Issues: Whether the plaintiffs are entitled to a declaration of title and permanent injunction against the defendants' interference.
Ratio Decidendi: The court reaffirmed that the burden of proof in title suits lies with the plaintiffs, and mere possession does not suffice without proof of title.
Result: Appeal partly allowed, granting permanent injunction.
JUDGMENT :
V. Gopala Krishna Rao, J.
1. This Appeal, under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure [for short 'the C.P.C.'], is filed by the Appellants/plaintiffs challenging the Decree and Judgment, dated 27.08.2007, in O.S.No.204 of 2006 passed by the learned I Additional District Judge, Visakhapatnam [for short 'the trial Court']. The Respondents herein are the defendants in the said Suit.
2. The appellants/plaintiffs filed a Suit for declaration to declare that the plaintiffs are having title and possession over the suit schedule property and to grant relief of permanent prohibitory injunction restraining the defendants and their men from ever interfering with the possession and enjoyment of the plaintiffs in the plaint schedule property.
3. Both the parties in the Appeal will be referred to as they are arrayed before the trial Court.
4. The case of the plaintiffs is that the first plaintiff is the son of one Narasimhulu, who used to enjoy the plaint schedule property along with other brothers and co-parceners. In the family partition the plaint schedule property fell to the share of Narasimhulu, who died intestate in the year 1986 leaving behind his four sons namely Longala Pothu Naidu, first petitioner herein, Longala Appadu, Longala Yellaiah and Longala Pydiraju, who used to enjoy the plaint schedule property. In the oral partition, between the brothers, in the year 1994, the plaint schedule property fell to the share of first plaintiff. Plaintiffs 2 to 4 are the sons of first plaintiff. Plaintiffs stated that the plaint schedule property is their ancestral property and they are in possession and enjoyment of the same.
ii) The plaintiffs further contend that the land in an extent of Ac.0.76 cents was purchased from one Longala Chinnamma and others by the second plaintiff under a registered sale deed dated 20.01.1996. The remaining extent of Ac.1.20 cents of the plaint schedule property fell to the share of first plaintiff in the oral partition.
iii) It is stated that the land in survey No.134 is classified as Assessed Waste Dry. The plaintiffs were paying land revenue to the said land and their names were also incorporated in the revenue records, as such the classification of the said land as assessed waste dry is also illegal and arbitrary. The government never laid objection for possession and enjoyment of the plaintiffs over the plaint schedule property since long time, hence, the plaintiffs are entitled for declaration of their right, title and possession over the plaint schedule property.
5. The defendants were remained set ex parte and did not choose to contest the suit before the court below.
6. During the course of trial in the trial Court, on behalf of the Plaintiffs, PW1 was examined and Ex.A1 to Ex.A6 were marked. No oral or documentary evidence was adduced on behalf of the Defendants.
7. After completion of the trial and on hearing the argument of plaintiffs, the trial Court dismissed the suit vide its judgment, dated 27.08.2007, against which the present appeal is preferred by the appellants/plaintiffs in the Suit questioning the Decree and Judgment passed by the trial Court.
8. Heard Sri P.Veerraju, learned counsel for appellants and the learned Government Pleader for appeals on behalf of respondents.
9. The learned counsel for appellants would contend that even though the documentary evidence produced by the plaintiffs amply proves the right, title and possession of the plaintiffs over the plaint schedule property, the trial Court dismissed the suit. He would further contend that the learned trial Judge ignored Ex.A1 to Ex.A5 documents and dismissed the suit and the decree and judgment passed by the trial Court is not sustainable and the appeal may be allowed.
10. Per contra, the learned Government Pleader for appeals appearing for respondents would contend that on appreciation of the entire evidence on record, the learned trial Judge rightly dismissed the suit and there is no need to interfere with the finding give
Gujarat Maritime Board vs. G.C.Pandya 2015:INSC:322 : (2015) 12 SCC 403
N.Padmamma and others vs. S.Ramakrishna Reddy and others 2008:INSC:720 : (2008) 15 SCC 517
Pratap Singh vs. Shiv Ram 2020:INSC:219 : (2020) 11 SCC 242
Sangram Singh vs. Election Tribunal Kotah and another 1955:INSC:15 : AIR 1955 SC 425
In title suits, the burden of proof lies on the plaintiffs to establish their title, even if defendants do not contest; mere possession is insufficient for a declaration of title.
In property disputes, a plaintiff must provide clear evidence of lawful possession and ownership, especially when the title is contested; failure to do so may result in dismissal of claims for injunc....
A claimant must establish legal ownership to obtain an injunction; granting an injunction based on a dismissed declaration suit is contrary to established legal principles.
In a suit for injunction, reliance must be placed on evidence of possession rather than solely on ownership titles. Courts must establish actual possession before granting injunctions.
The judgment emphasizes the importance of documentary evidence in establishing possession and entitlement to property, and the burden of proof on the party contesting such claims.
The central legal point established in the judgment is the importance of valid documentation and unchallenged possession in establishing ownership rights, as well as the requirement for legal challen....
In property disputes involving claims of possession and title, a plaintiff must provide clear evidence of lawful ownership and seek a declaration of title when the title is contested.
A suit for permanent injunction, without seeking a declaration of title, is not maintainable when ownership is disputed; a comprehensive claim is required to address possession and title.
In a suit for injunction, the burden lies on the plaintiffs to prove prima facie case, balance of convenience, and irreparable loss, failing which the appeal may be dismissed.
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