H. N. NAGA MOHAN DAS, J.

( 1 ) FATHER of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi wrote in the weekly 'harijan' as under:

" true Democracy cannot be worked by twenty men sitting at the center. It has to be worked from below by the people of every village. . . . "

"independence must begin at the bottom. Thus, every village will be a republic or Panchayat having full powers. It follows, therefore, that every village has to be self-sustained and capable of managing its affairs even to the extent of defending itself against the whole world. It will be trained and prepared to perish in the attempt to defend itself against any on slaught from without. Thus, ultimately, it is individual who is the unit. This does not exclude dependence on and willing help from neighbours or from the world. It will be free and voluntary play of mutual forces. Such a society is necessarily highly cultured in which every man and woman knows what he or she wants and, what is more, knows that no one should want anything that others cannot have with equal labour".

( 2 ) AFTER independence, India became Republic in 1950 by accepting the world's biggest written constitution. The preamble of the Constitution reads as under:" we,

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