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2022 Supreme(Kar) 956

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA BENCH AT DHARWAD
Suraj Govindaraj, J.M. Khazi, JJ.
Hanamant - Appellant
Versus
State of Karnataka - Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 100296/2020
Decided On : 21-02-2022

Advocates appeared:
Shivaraj S. Balloli, Advocate, for the Petitioner; V.M. Bankar, Addl. SPP, for the Respondents

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302 and 201 - Criminal Appeal against conviction - The appellant, accused No. 2, challenged the conviction for murder and conspiracy to conceal evidence. The prosecution failed to establish a cogent motive or direct evidence, relying heavily on circumstantial evidence, which was contradictory. The court reiterated that circumstantial evidence must form a complete chain pointing to the accused's guilt. The trial court's judgment was based on suspicion rather than provable facts. (Paras 28-30)

Facts of the case:
The prosecution alleged that the appellant, along with deceased's relative, conspired to murder the deceased to inherit property. The deceased was called under the pretext of a job and subsequently killed. Accused No. 1 died before charges.

Findings of Court:
The appellate court found that the trial court erred in convicting the appellant based on insufficient evidence and established inconsistencies in witness testimonies.

Issues: The main issues included the adequacy of circumstantial evidence, existence of a motive, and the credibility of witness statements.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the evidence was inadequate to convict based solely on circumstantial evidence cognitive of guilt, reaffirming the necessity for clear, cogent proof.

Result: Appeal allowed, conviction set aside.

Table of Content
1. initial context of the case and factual background. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. prosecution’s evidence through witness testimony. (Para 4 , 5)
3. defense arguments challenging the prosecution's circumstantial evidence. (Para 8)
4. court's analysis highlighting discrepancies and doubts in prosecution evidence. (Para 28 , 29)
5. legal principles regarding circumstantial evidence and its admissibility. (Para 30)
6. conclusion of the appeal favoring the appellant. (Para 31)

JUDGMENT

Suraj Govindaraj, J. - The appellant is before this Court challenging the order of conviction and sentence passed by the Principal District and Sessions Judge, Gadag, dated 25.06.2019 in S.C. No. 34/2017, the appellant being accused No. 2-Hanamant therein.

2. The case of the prosecution was that, accused No. 1-Churchappa being the son-in-law of the complainant caused the death of Ningabasappa, the son of the complainant with the assistance of accused No. 2-Hanamant, in order to knockout the property of the said Ningabasappa, which on his death would have been succeeded to by his wife Jayashree who is the sister of Ningabasappa. It is stated that, the accused No. 2-Hanamant called the deceased to the land of one Shankrappa Yeligar-C.W.10 (P.W.9). They consumed alcohol and at about 10.00 p.m., at the instance of and on promise to make payment of Rs. 60,000/- by the accused No. 1-Churchappa, they strangulated Ningabasappa by using Ningabasappa's shirt, thereby committing his murder and in order to conceal the evidence, both the accused threw the dead body in the canal situated in the land of C.W.10/P.W.9-Shankrappa Yeligar thereby committing offences under Section 302 and 201 read with Section 34 of IPC.

3. Upon investigation being completed, the CPI, Ron, submitted a charge-sheet against accused No. 1-Churchappa and accused No. 2-Hanamant. Accused No. 1-Churchappa was in judicial custody till his death on 04.10.2018. Accused No. 2-Hanamant, being in judicial custody, was secured and the matter was committed to the Sessions Court, accused No. 2-Hanamant was heard before framing of charges, charges were framed, read over and explained to him in the language known to him i.e., Kannada. The accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

4. In order to prove its case, the prosecution examined 16 witnesses, P.W.1 to P.W.16, got marked 28 documents i.e. Ex. P.1 to P.28 and 03 material objects i.e., MO.1 to MO.3.

5. Upon closure of the evidence of the prosecution, the incriminating evidence against the accused was put across to the accused No. 2 and he has denied the same and his Statement under Section 313 of the Cr.P.C., was recorded, he chose not to lead any evidence. After hearing the arguments, the trial Court convicted the accused No. 2-Hanamant, for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 201 read with Section 34 of IPC and sentenced him to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-, in default thereof, to undergo simple imprisonment for three years for the offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of IPC; to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 5 years and fine of Rs. 10,000/- and in default thereof, simple imprisonment for 1 year and 3 months for the offence punishable under Section 201 read with Section 34 of IPC. Out of the fine amount, an amount of Rs. 5,000/- was directed to be paid to P.W.1/C.W.1-Basamma, P.W.5/C.W.6-Jyashree & P.W.6/C.W.7-Yallavva and balance to be appropriated to the State.

6. The District Legal Services Authority, Gadag was also directed to decide the quantum of compensation to be awarded under Section 357A of Cr.P.C., to P.W.1/C.W.1-Basamma, P.W.5/C.W.6-Jyashree & P.W.6/C.W.7-Yallavva.

7. It is challenging the said order of conviction and sentence that the appellant is before this Court.

8. Sri Shivaraj S. Balloli, learned counsel appearing for the appellant submits that-

8.1. The trial Court has not appreciated the evidence on record in a proper and required manner, if at all the sam

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