IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
M. Nagaprasanna, J.
Sri Ganesh Prasad Hegde & Ors. - Appellants
Versus
Smt. Surekha Shetty - Respondent
Criminal Petition No. 4544 of 2018
Decided On : 06-06-2022
Criminal Breach of Trust - Stridhana - Section 406 of the IPC - The court dismissed the petitioners' claim that the settlement for annulment of marriage included the Stridhana amount. The court held that the amount paid as Stridhana was separate and distinct from the settlement for annulment of marriage. The court framed charges against the petitioners for the offence punishable under Section 406 of the IPC for retaining the Stridhana amount. The court emphasized that the retention of Stridhana by the husband or his family constitutes criminal breach of trust and must be returned to the wife. The court referred to legal principles established by the Supreme Court and High Courts regarding the concept of Stridhana and its retention as an ingredient of Section 406 of the IPC. The court highlighted that the offence of criminal breach of trust requires entrustment and refusal to return on demand. The court also addressed the issue of filing multiple complaints and the bar for registration of subsequent complaints. The court concluded that the petitioners' claims lacked merit and dismissed the Criminal Petition.
Fact of the Case:
The respondent, who was the complainant, alleged that the petitioners, including the husband and his family, retained Stridhana amounting to Rs.9/- lakhs, which was paid to them at the time of the respondent's marriage. The respondent filed a private complaint for the offence punishable under Section 406 of the IPC, alleging criminal breach of trust in not returning the Stridhana amount. The petitioners contended that the settlement for annulment of marriage included the Stridhana amount and, therefore, no offence for criminal breach of trust existed. The court considered the sequence of events, including the settlement for annulment of marriage, the framing of charges against the petitioners, and the respondent's demand for the return of the Stridhana amount.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the settlement for annulment of marriage did not include the Stridhana amount and that the retention of Stridhana by the husband or his family constituted criminal breach of trust. The court dismissed the petitioners' claims and held that the charges framed against the petitioners for the offence punishable under Section 406 of the IPC were valid. The court emphasized that the petitioners must come out clean in the trial regarding the retention of the Stridhana amount.
Issues: The issues in the case included the interpretation of the settlement for annulment of marriage, the concept of Stridhana, the retention of Stridhana by the husband or his family, and the filing of multiple complaints.
Ratio Decidendi: The court established that the settlement for annulment of marriage did not include the Stridhana amount and that the retention of Stridhana by the husband or his family constituted criminal breach of trust. The court referred to legal principles established by the Supreme Court and High Courts regarding the concept of Stridhana and its retention as an ingredient of Section 406 of the IPC. The court emphasized that the offence of criminal breach of trust requires entrustment and refusal to return on demand. The court also addressed the issue of filing multiple complaints and the bar for registration of subsequent complaints.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the Criminal Petition, concluding that the petitioners' claims lacked merit. The court upheld the charges framed against the petitioners for the offence punishable under Section 406 of the IPC and emphasized that the petitioners must come out clean in the trial regarding the retention of the Stridhana amount.
ORDER
1. The petitioners are before this Court calling in question proceedings in C.C.No.8663 of 2009, in particular, the order dated 31-03-2015 by which, cognizance is taken by the IV Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate at Bangalore and the order dated 22-03-2018 passed in Criminal Revision Petition No.289 of 2015 dismissing the application of the petitioners seeking discharge from C.C.No.8663 of 2009, for offences punishable under Section 406 of the IPC.
2. Heard Sri S.Balakrishnan, learned counsel appearing for petitioners and Smt. Shailja Agarwal, learned counsel appearing for Sri Pradeep Nayak, learned counsel for respondent.
3. Brief facts as projected by the prosecution are as follows:-
The respondent is the complainant. The 1st petitioner/accused No.1 was the husband of the respondent. Petitioners 2 and 3 are father-in-law and mother-in-law of the complainant. Marriage between the 1st petitioner and the respondent was solemnized on 03-12-1998. It is the case of the complainant that prior to the said date of marriage certain talks between the parents of the complainant and the 1st petitioner resulted in exchange of Rs.4/- lakhs at one point in time and Rs.5/-lakhs later, which was on 21-09-1998 and 11-10-1998. The relationship between the 1st petitioner and the respondent got strained and in the month of March 2001 it appears that the respondent was forced to leave her matrimonial house. On 05.10.2001 the respondent executes an affidavit for having received Rs.3/- lakhs as full and final settlement for a divorce on consent. On 10-10-2001 the amount was also paid to the respondent. A petition for divorce was filed under Section 13(1) and (ia) of the Hindu Marriage Act. This came to be dismissed on 10-04-2003 on the score that the respondent who was a resident of Bangalore could not appear in the mutual consent divorce proceedings before the Family Court at Mumbai and the counsel also had not appeared before the Court after which, a complaint was filed by the 1st petitioner against the respondent before the learned Magistrate with reference to a transaction by way of a cheque and it getting dishonoured proceedings were initiated under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act.
4. On 05-11-2005 the respondent communicates that she would begin to cohabitate with the 1st petitioner. Before this communication, the respondent had initiated proceedings against petitioners alleging harassment for demand of dowry for offences punishable under Section 498A of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The same was registered as Crime No.373 of 2003. On co-habitation communication, the respondent also assured that she would withdraw the complaint in Crime No.373 of 2003. In the meanwhile, the Police after investigation filed a 'B' report in the said crime case.
5. On 04-12-2007 the 1st petitioner files a petition for divorce on the ground of cruelty against the wife which came to be dismissed. On 17-02-2009 the respondent raises a demand that Stridhana of Rs.9/- lakhs which was paid had to be returned along with interest at 9% p.a. beginning from 11-10-1998. When the petitioners failed to pay the said amount, the respondent registers a private complaint in P.C.R.6351 of 2009 before the learned Magistrate at Bangalore for offences punishable under Section 406 of the IPC alleging criminal breach of trust in not returning Rs.9/- lakhs which according to the complainant was the Stridhana that the petitioners had received in the year 1998. This was challenged before this Court by the petitioners in Criminal Petition No.2824 of 2009 seeking quashing of proceedings in P.C.R.6351 of 2009 which by then had become a Criminal case on the Police filing a charge sheet. Noticing the said fact, this Court dismissed the criminal petition by its order dated 13-08-2009.
6. Certain other proceedings that were pending between the parties were one which was before the High Court of Bombay against an order passed by the Family Court at
Onkar Nath Mishra vs. State (NCT of Delhi)
PRATIBHA RANI vs. SURAJ KUMAR AND ANOTHER
Supdt. & Remembrancer of Legal Affairs vs. S.K. Roy (1974) 4 SCC 230: 1974 SCC (Cri) 399
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Stridhan remains the exclusive property of the wife, and a husband can be held liable for criminal breach of trust under Section 406 of the IPC for refusing to return it, regardless of their marital ....
The court emphasized that general allegations which are not specific in nature regarding harassment caused to a wife for dowry demands cannot be the basis of framing a charge for the offence punishab....
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It is well settled law that articles given at the time of marriage by the parents, friends and husband are Stridhan.
The court affirmed that criminal breach of trust regarding stridhan is a continuing offence, allowing for cognizance to be taken within the statutory limitation, restarting with each demand.
Specific allegations against the accused are necessary in a criminal complaint, and implicating relatives in matrimonial disputes without a prima facie case should be discouraged.
The court held that the failure to return the stridhan of the deceased constitutes a breach of trust, as the articles were entrusted to the accused by the deceased during her lifetime. The court also....
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