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2023 Supreme(Kar) 1359

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
C.M. Joshi, J.
The Branch Manager, National Insurance Co. Ltd. - Appellant
Versus
Vijay Praveen Cutinha and ors. - Respondents
M.F.A. No. 188 of 2017, M.F.A.No.637 of 2018
Decided On : 14-12-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Sri. A.N.Krishna Swamy, Advocate, Sri. Guruprasad B R, Advocate.
For the Respondent:Sri. Guruprasad B.R., Sri. A.N Krishna Swamy, Advocate

A comprehensive/package insurance policy covers the risks of all vehicle occupants, including employees, regardless of additional premium payment for inmate coverage.

Headnote:(A) Motor Vehicles Act - Section 147 - Insurance liability covers risk of vehicle inmates under comprehensive policies - The accident occurred due to rash driving of the tempo, resulting in grievous injuries to the petitioner - Petitioner, a 20-year-old electrician, incurred expenses of Rs. 1,50,000/- for treatment. The insurance denied liability, arguing the policy did not cover employee risks - Tribunal's finding was that package policy covered inmate risks, and awarded Rs. 7,12,095/- compensation, later challenged by both parties - Court held that comprehensive policies cover risks of inmates, allowing compensation to be enhanced to Rs. 7,28,195/- with interest reduced to 6%. (Paras 8, 10, 11, 18, 34, 37)

Findings of Court:
The court distinguished between different types of insurance policies clarifying the extent of cover provided under a package policy.

Issues: (i) Coverage of vehicle inmates under the insurance policy. (ii) Adequacy of compensation awarded by the Tribunal.

Ratio Decidendi: Comprehensive insurance policies must cover all occupants, including employees, hence affirming the Tribunal’s ruling upholding the claim against the insurer.

Result: Appeals allowed in part.

Table of Content
1. details of the accident and injuries sustained. (Para 1 , 2)
2. insurance company denies liability based on policy terms. (Para 3 , 4)
3. tribunal's findings on factual issues and compensation awarded. (Para 5 , 10 , 11)
4. insurance company's liability under the policy. (Para 6)
5. arguments regarding adequacy of compensation. (Para 8 , 9)
6. evaluation of insurance policy coverage. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
7. interpretation of package policy terms. (Para 18 , 20 , 21 , 22)
8. comprehensive policy covering all occupants. (Para 23)
9. assessment of injuries and appropriate compensation. (Para 24 , 26 , 30)
10. conclusion on compensation amount and interest. (Para 34 , 37)

JUDGMENT :

C.M. Joshi, J.

Being aggrieved by the judgment and the award passed by the learned III Addl. Senior Civil Judge and JMFC Mangaluru, D.K. in MVC.No.1723/2012 dated 22.06.2016, the respondent No.2-National Insurance Company Limited as well as the petitioner have approached this Court in appeal.

2. The brief facts are as below:

That on 05.07.2012 at about 3.00 p.m., when the petitioner was proceeding to the work site as per the direction of the employer, from Falneer towards Adyaru in Tata Magic Tempo bearing No.KA-21-N-2148, the said tempo was driven by its driver in rash and negligent manner and at Adyarukatte on NH-75 dashed to the hind side of the bus bearing No.KA-19-D-4505. Due to the said impact, the petitioner sustained grievous injuries and immediately shifted to Father Muller Hospital. The Petitioner was admitted as inpatient in the hospital from 05.07.2012 to 01.08.2012. The petitioner was discharged from the hospital with an advice to take bed rest and follow up treatment. The petitioner had spent a sum of Rs. 1,00,000/- for medical expenses and further requires Rs. 50,000/- for future medical expenses. The petitioner was hale and healthy at the time of accident and aged about 20 years. The petitioner was working as an electrician under the respondent No.1 and earning a salary of Rs. 12,000/- p.m. The entire family depended on his earning and due to fracture, now it is difficult to lift heavy objects, to walk, bend, squat and stand for long time. The accident occurred only due to the rash and negligent driving of the tempo driver. The driver was in the course of employment under respondent No.1 and also his agent. The respondent No.2 being the insurer is liable to pay the compensation.

3. After service of notice, respondent No.1 did not appear before Tribunal and therefore, he was placed ex-parte. However, respondent No.2-Insurance Company has appeared through its counsel and filed written statement.

4. Respondent No.2-Insurance Company denied that the accident occurred due to the negligence on the part of the driver of the vehicle owned by respondent No.1. It also denied the age, occupation and income of the petitioner and that the compensation claimed as highly exorbitant, imaginary and untenable in law. It was contended that the driver of the said vehicle bearing No.KA-21-N-2148 was not having valid driving license at the time of accident and there was violation of the conditions of the policy and as such, the liability deserves to be absolved. It is contended that the bus bearing No.KA-19-D-4505 was guilty of violations of law and therefore, the owner and insurer are also necessary parties to the petition. It was contended that the liability to pay compensation to the petitioner is not covered under the policy and the respondent No.1 has not paid any premium towards the coverage of the inmates of the vehicle. It was contended that the policy does not cover the wider liability and there was no contractual relationship between the respondent No.1 and respondent No.2-Insurance Company, with regard to the indemnifying injuries suffered by inmates of the vehicle. Therefore, respondent No.2-Insurance Company sought for dismissal of the petition as against it.

5. On the basis of the above pleadings, the Tribunal framed appropriate issues and aft

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