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2025 Supreme(Kar) 270

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU 
RAMACHANDRA D. HUDDAR, J.
Lakkamma W/o Lakshminarasappa - Appellant
Versus
Rayakka D/o Yerrobanna @ Yerranna - Respondent
Miscellaneous First Appeal No. 11675 of 2011
Decided On : 01-07-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : G. Ravishankar
For the Respondent: K. Surya Prakash Rao

A party's right to continue litigation following a party's death is preserved under CPC, allowing substitution even if the initial application cites the wrong procedural rule, emphasizing the continuity of interest.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order 22 Rule 3 and Rule 10 - Legal representation - Impugned order rejecting application for substitution as legal representative of the deceased appellant is set aside, allowing applicant to come on record as legatee under the Will, thereby affirming that the appeal should not abate upon the death of a party if interest has devolved. (Paras 1, 6, 14-16)

(B) Legal Representation - The court clarified that the application for substitution filed under a wrong provision (Order 22 Rule 3) does not defeat the right to seek substitution under the correct provision (Order 22 Rule 10). (Paras 10, 11)

(C) Genuineness of Will - The court ruled that while the applicant must prove the genuineness of the Will, the evidence presented by the applicant was sufficient to merit reconsideration of the rejection of the application. (Paras 15, 16)

Facts of the case:
The appellant challenged the order rejecting her application to be substituted as legal representative of the deceased original appellant, arguing she was the legatee named in the deceased's Will. The respondent contended the Will was invalid and questioned the applicant's relationship with the deceased.

Findings of Court:
The court found the lower court erred in dismissing the application. It emphasized that rights must be preserved for parties seeking to continue litigation post a party's death.

Issues: The self-standing issues were whether the application under Order 22 Rule 3 should have been upheld, and if the application to be substituted as a legatee under the Will warranted further examination.

Ratio Decidendi: The court highlighted the importance of allowing substitution in litigation, stressing that mere procedural missteps do not inherently invalidate a party's right to representation. The court disagreed with the lower court's claim of the Will being fabricated.

Result: Appeal allowed and the impugned order set aside.

Table of Content
1. appellant's claim based on deceased's will. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. respondent's objection to appellant's claim. (Para 4 , 6 , 10)
3. court's review of procedural errors regarding application. (Para 5)
4. arguments for and against the legal standing of the applicant. (Para 11 , 12)
5. court's consideration of legal provisions under cpc. (Para 13 , 14)
6. court's reasoning leading to its decision. (Para 15 , 16)
7. outcome of the appeal and court order. (Para 17)

JUDGMENT :

RAMACHANDRA D. HUDDAR, J.

1. The appellant/applicant has assailed the order dated 16.11.2011 passed on IA No.II by the Fast Track Court-V at Madhugiri, rejecting the application so filed by the applicant and ordered that the appeal stood abated.

2. It is the case of the appellant before the Appellate Court in Regular Appeal No.166/2008 on the file of Fast Track Court-V, Madhugiri that, she being the applicant filed an application under Order 22 Rule 3 of CPC, to come on record as the legal representative of the appellant by name Lakshmidevamma, who died during the pendency of the appeal.

3. It is stated in the application that, the appellant Lakshmidevamma died on 18.09.2008, leaving behind the applicant as sole legal heir. It is stated that, the appellant during her lifetime executed a Will dated 30.08.2001 and 27.10.2005 bequeathing her properties. It was the last Will of the appellant. It was applicant, who performed last rites of the deceased Lakshmidevamma. She had filed an application under Order 22 Rule 3 of CPC, to come on record as legal representative of the appellant.

4. Before the Appellate Court, the said application was resisted by the respondent by filing detailed objections. It is contended that, the said Lakshmidevamma has no right to execute the Will or not to bequeath the suit property as her whims and fancies. The suit schedule property was the joint family property of herself and respondent. It is contended that, during the lifetime of Lakshmidevamma, she never whispered anything about the alleged Will. It is stated in the cross- examination in O.S.No.65/2003 that she was not aware of the applicant and her parenthood relationship etc,. Thus, it is contended that, with an ulterior motive to knock out properties of the respondent, now the applicant wants to come on record as a legatee under the Will. No rights have been devolved on the applicant to come on record. Thus, it is prayed by the respondent to dismiss the application.

5. To substantiate the assertions made in the application, the applicant examined 3 witnesses i.e., herself as PW.1 and another as PW.2 and PW.3, who are attesting witnesses to the will. Got marked Exs.P1 and P2 in support of assertions made in the application. The respondent has not led any evidence to substantiate the objections so filed to the application.

6. Learned Appellate Court, having heard the arguments of both the sides, raised the point for consideration and answered the same in the negative and ultimately dismissed the said application so filed by the applicant, Lakkamma and observed that the appeal stood abated. This is how, now the appellant/applicant is before this Court challenging the impugned order dated 16.11.2011.

7. The record of this appeal also reveals that respondent died during the pendency of this appeal and her legal representatives are brought on record in the shape of respondent Nos.1 to 9. Accordingly, cause-title came to be amended.

8. Trial Court records is secured.

9. Heard the arguments of learned counsel for the appellant and learned counsel for the respondents on this application.

10. It is admitted fact between both the sides that, there was an appeal filed by the appellant Lakshmidevamma D/o Yerrobanna @ Yarranna, being aggrieved by the judgment so passed in O.S.No.65/2003. It is also an admitted fact that during the pendency of the appeal in R.A.NO.166/2008, original appellant Lakshmidevamma died. After her demise, the present applicant by name Lakkamma filed an application in t

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