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2025 Supreme(Kar) 1557

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
V. SRISHANANDA, J.
Ningaiah S/o Late Gavisiddaiah - Appellant
Versus
M. Hanumantha Raju S/o Late Hucharangaiah - Respondent
Regular Second Appeal No. 672 of 2022
Decided On : 06-08-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : H.R. Sanjeeve Gowda
For the Respondent: Girisha N.

The court emphasizes that specific performance cannot be denied without compelling evidence despite a plaintiff's established readiness and willingness to perform the contract as per law.

Headnote:(A) Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Section 16 - Specific enforcement of agreement to sell - Plaintiff proves existence of agreement and willingness to perform contract - Trial Court orders refund of advance consideration; First Appellate Court reverses this with no evidence of reasons for refusal - Appellants argue misapplication of law and non-consideration of cross appeal/objections. The court states that specific performance cannot ordinarily be refused without compelling reasons despite the plaintiff demonstrating readiness and willingness. (Paras 1-32)

(B) Legal Principles - Courts must evaluate the readiness and willingness of the plaintiff based on evidence before them; the burden lies on the plaintiff to establish contractual engagement comprehensively - Failure to consider all aspects and cross appeals/objections results in judicial miscarriage. (Paras 26-32)

Facts of the case:
The appellants opposed the claim for specific performance of a sale agreement dated 23.11.2011 concerning immovable property, initially allowing partial refund of advance. The First Appellate Court awarded full enforcement based on established documentary evidence of readiness by the plaintiff, ignoring prosecution of cross-appeal from defendants.

Findings of Court:
The plaintiff established readiness and willingness to perform by proving agreement and payment of advance. Specific performance upheld contrary to First Appellate Court’s dismissal of cross-appeal demonstrating lower court misjudgment in evidence consideration.

Issues: Determination of the plaintiff’s readiness to perform their contract, consideration of evidence presented, impact of ignoring cross-appeal in judicial process.

Ratio Decidendi: A plaintiff must distinctly prove readiness and willingness to fulfil his contract duties; courts must act judiciously when assessing evidence and considering all appeals to avoid injustice. Failure to follow procedures leads to unlawful rulings.

Result: Appeal dismissed; no costs awarded.

Table of Content
1. identification of parties and factual background. (Para 1 , 2)
2. progression of case through trial and appeal. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
3. appellants' grounds for grievance regarding judicial process. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
4. substantial questions of law raised by appellants. (Para 11)
5. opposition to appeal and support for lower court's ruling. (Para 12 , 13)
6. establishment of plaintiff's case and evidence. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
7. appellants' assertion of miscarriage of justice by lower courts. (Para 18 , 19)
8. discussion on the cross appeal's procedural handling. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
9. court's analysis of cross appeal's merits. (Para 24)
10. evidence evaluation and plaintiff's readiness to perform contract. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)
11. judicial discretion in specific performance cases. (Para 28 , 29 , 30)
12. conclusion on substantial questions raised. (Para 31)
13. final order and conclusion. (Para 32)
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JUDGMENT :

V. SRISHANANDA, J.

1. Heard Sri. H.R. Sanjeeve Gowda, learned counsel for the appellants and Sri. Girisha N., learned counsel for the respondents.

2. Appellants are the defendants No.1, 3 and 5 before the Trial Court in O.S. No.713/2013 which was filed for specific enforcement of the agreement to sell dated 23.11.2011 in respect of the immovable property which is a vacant land bearing Sy.No.109/2 to the extent of 23 acres 12 guntas out of the total extent of 11 acres 34 ghanta situated in Bannikuppe Village, Hebbur Hobli, Tumkur Taluk, bounded on East by : land of Kumar, West by : Government road, North by : land of Maria and South by : the remaining portion of the land in Sy.No.109/2 (hereinafter referred to as 'suit property').

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3. Suit was contested by the defendants by filing detailed written statement. Learned Trial Judge has raised necessary issues and after due trail, suit was decreed partly and directed the defendants to return the advance consideration of Rs.1,50,000/- with interest at the rate of 18% per annum from the date of agreement till date of payment.

4. Being aggrieved by the same, plaintiff filed an appeal before the First Appellate Court in R.A. No.55/2021.

5. Learned Judge in the First Appellate Court after notifying the defendants, heard the arguments of the parties in the light of the appeal grounds and on cumulative consideration of the factual aspects and the point of law, allowed the appeal and decreased the suit of the plaintiff in entirety.

6. A Cross Appeal said to have been filed by the defendants and since there was no court fee paid on the cross appeal, the cross appeal was not considered by the First Appellate Court on merits.

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7. Being aggrieved by the order of the First Appellate Court, present second appeal came to be filed by the defendants on the following grounds:

 The appellants further submit that, the impugned judgment and decree passed by the Hon'ble First Appellate Court in R.A.No.55/2021 is arbitrary, illegal and not in accordance with law and hence, the same is liable to be set-aside.

 The appellants further submit that, the impugned judgment and decree passed by the Hon'ble First Appellate Court in R.A.No.55/2021 is opposed to the principles of natural justice and all probabilities.

 The appellant further submits that, Hon'ble First Appellate Court in R.A.No.55/2021 has gravely erred in considering the facts and circumstances available on record as per law and blindly passed the impugned judgment and decree by setting aside the judgment and decree passed by the Hon'ble Trial Court without assigning any valid reason to interfere with the judgment and decree passed by the Hon'ble Trial Court, hence the impugned judgment and decree passed by the Hon'ble First Appellate Court in R.A.No.55/2021 is liable to be set-aside.

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 The appellant further submit that, it is a well settled law that, while considering and passing the judgment and decree in any appeal it is a mandatory to the Hon'ble Courts to consider the cross objections / cross appeal filed by the other side in any appeal a

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