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2025 Supreme(Kar) 2403

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
M.G. Uma, J.
Narayanaswamy Since Dead By His Lrs. - Appellant
Versus
Smt Ademma, W/O Narayanaswamy – Respondent
Regular Second Appeal No. 1364 of 2009 (INJ)
Decided On : 20-11-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Sri. Raghavendra A. Kulkarni, Advocate
For the Respondent:Sri. D. Prabhakar, Advocate

A plaintiff can obtain a permanent injunction against defendants interfering with her possession if exclusive ownership is established through revenue records, even amidst claims of co-ownership.

Headnote:(A) Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1964 - Section 133 - Permanent injunction - Plaintiff sought to restrain defendants from interfering with her peaceful possession - First Appellate Court decreed suit favorably, reversing Trial Court's dismissal - Plaintiff proved exclusive possession and ownership based on revenue documents despite defendants’ claims of joint ownership. (Paras 10 - 24)

(B) Co-ownership - Legal principle that injunction cannot be granted against co-owners if one party can assert joint ownership - Appeal dismissed as First Appellate Court correctly assessed evidence of ownership. (Paras 14 - 15)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff, Smt. Adamma, sought a permanent injunction against defendants for interfering with her possession of several properties, including land and a tractor, purchased through her means. The Trial Court dismissed her suit while the First Appellate Court reversed this decision, confirming her exclusive possession. (Paras 5 - 8)

Findings of Court:
The First Appellate Court established that the plaintiff effectively proved her ownership through the revenue documents, thus entitled to a decree of permanent injunction against the defendants. (Paras 12 - 23)

Issues: Main issues were the determination of exclusive possession and whether an injunction could be granted against a co-owner. (Paras 18 - 19)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that possession and ownership established through revenue records validates entitlement to an injunction, overriding claims of co-ownership without substantiation. (Paras 22 - 24)

Result: The appeal is dismissed with costs.

Judgement Key Points

This 2025 High Court of Karnataka judgment (decided 20-11-2025) is a recent instance where the plaintiff succeeded in obtaining a permanent injunction decree in her favor in a suit for restraining interference with possession of schedule properties. (!) (!) (!) (!)

Key facts aligning with a plaintiff-favorable injunction outcome: - Plaintiff claimed ownership and exclusive possession of four items of land, tractor shed, house, well, and vacant site, supported by multiple registered sale deeds (e.g., from 1968 to 1992) and revenue records (pahanies, RTCs, mutation extracts, tax receipts) all standing in her name. (!) (!) (!) - She proved payment of land revenue and taxes, cultivation of trees, bore-well digging, and continuous possession since purchases, with no prior claims by defendants until 2006 interference. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) - Only one defendant (son) contested, alleging joint family purchase from husband's income; others did not appear. Trial court dismissed suit, but first appellate court reversed, decreeing injunction based on possession proof via revenue documents, without needing title adjudication in a bare injunction suit. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!)

High Court's reasoning upholding plaintiff’s injunction: - Revenue records created presumption of possession under Karnataka Land Revenue Act, S.133, unrebutted by defendants. (!) (!) - Sale deeds and evidence (PW1-3, Exs.P1-P20) established exclusive possession, sufficient even ignoring additional appellate documents. (!) (!) - Despite family relationship and co-owner defense, no injunction bar applied without declared shares; decree subject to outcome of defendant's pending partition suit (RSA 253/2016). (!) (!) (!) (!) - Trial court erred in dismissing; first appellate court correctly re-appreciated evidence. Second appeal dismissed, confirming injunction. (!) (!) (!)

This reflects principles where plaintiff proves possession via title documents and revenue entries in injunction suits against family claims, prevailing unless co-ownership shares are adjudicated. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!)


Table of Content
1. plaintiff's ownership and possession of properties. (Para 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. defendant's claim of joint family ownership. (Para 8 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 19)
3. reassessment of evidence by the first appellate court. (Para 12 , 13 , 20 , 22 , 23)
4. legal presumption regarding revenue records. (Para 21 , 25)
5. permanent injunction contingent on ongoing appeal. (Para 24)

JUDGMENT :

M.G. Uma, J.

The defendants in OS.No.83/2006 on the file of the learned Principal Civil Judge (Junior Division), KGF (hereinafter referred as to 'the Trial Court'), is impugning the judgment and decree dated 10.07.2009 passed in RA.No.82/2007 on the file of learned Additional Civil Judge (Senior Division), KGF (hereinafter referred as to 'the First Appellate Court'), allowing the appeal by setting aside the judgment and decree passed by the Trial Court dated 20.07.2007 and decreeing the suit of the plaintiff for permanent injunction, restraining the defendants from interfering with the peaceful possession and enjoyment of the schedule properties.

2. For the sake of convenience, the parties shall be referred to as per their rank and status before the Trial Court.

3. Facts of the case in brief are that, the plaintiff -Smt. Adamma, filed the suit against defendant Nos.1 to 9 seeking permanent injunction, restraining them from interfering with her peaceful possession and enjoyment of the properties mentioned in the schedule. The schedule attached to the plaint describes four items of properties i.e.,:

i. Survey No.61/2 (old survey No.23) measuring 3 acres out of 4 acres situated at D.K. Halli Plantation, Robertsonpet Hobli, Bangarpet Taluk with katha No.89 with the boundaries mentioned therein.

ii. Survey No.20 measuring 2.20 acres out of 13 acres situated at the same D.K. Halli Plantation with the boundaries mentioned therein, containing various trees.

iii. Survey No.22 measuring 4 acres at D.K Halli Plaintiation, with the boundaries mentioned therein, containing various mango, coconut and tamarind trees.

iv. The tractor bearing registration No. KA-08-T79 with shed and the house measuring 22 X 22 feet with a well and a vacant site having V.P. Khata No.19/2 situated at D.K. Halli Plantation, measuring East to West 40 feet, North to South 50 feet with the boundaries mentioned therein.

4. It is contended by the plaintiff that she is the daughter of one Ammaniamma. During the lifetime of Ammaniamma, she had given some amount to the plaintiff. During her marriage, she had purchased the properties out of the amount paid by her mother. Item No.1 measuring 3 acres of land was purchased under the registered sale deed dated 13.02.1980 from one C.N. Rajagopal Gowda, and since then, the plaintiff is in possession and enjoyment of the same. The revenue record stands in her name. The plaintiff had availed loan by mortgaging the said property in favour of Canara Bank.

5. The plaintiff contended that, she purchased Item No.2 under three different sale deeds i.e. 20 guntas of land under the sale deed dated 12.10.1972 from Bychappa, one acre of land under the sale deed dated 07.06.1978 from Narayanappa, and the another one acre of land under the registered sale deed dated 17.12.1992 from one Pillappa. Since then, the plaintiff is in possession and enjoyment of the properties, and the Katha stands in her name. The plaintiff has also purchased 2.20 acres of land in item No.3 under the registered sale deed dated 23.10.1968 from Venkata Bovi. She purchased 1.20 acres of land from D.V. Ramamurthy Gupta under the sale deed dated 17.04.1974. Thus, she became the owner in possession of 4 acres of land, and the katha stands in her name.

6. It is contented that, Doddur Karpanana Halli Gram Panchayath has granted the parcel of land in No.4, and the possession certificate was issued in a favour of the plaintiff, and the katha stands in her name. The plaintiff being the owner was paying land revenue and the assessment tax in respect of the schedule properties regularly. She has ra

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