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2021 Supreme(Bom) 152

IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY AT NAGPUR
SUNIL B. SHUKRE, AVINASH G. GHAROTE, JJ.
Mohammad Yamin Naeem Mohammad and Others – Petitioners
Versus
The State of Maharashtra and Others – Respondents
Criminal Writ Petition No. 543 of 2020
Decided On : 09-01-2021

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioners: M.G. Bhangde, Ajay Somani.
For the Respondent: S.A. Ashirgade.

Headnote:(A) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 - Section 30(2)(a) - Challenge to order prohibiting transport of tobacco products - Order held constitutional and within jurisdiction - Law empowers the Commissioner to prohibit distribution in interest of public health. (Paras 2-3, 10-12, 40)

(B) Constitutional Law - Article 246 - Inter-State trade - The order does not infringe upon the competency of the State to legislate as it pertains to enforcement within state limits. (Paras 18-22, 40)

(C) Criminal Procedure - FIR under Sections 188, 272, 273, and 328 IPC - The FIR not quashed as valid offences established through material evidence. (Paras 36-40)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners contested an order banning the transport of tobacco products through Maharashtra, asserting such an order was unconstitutional and ultra vires the Act. The prohibition was enacted despite transport permits.

Findings of Court:
The Court acknowledged the state’s authority to control the transport of harmful goods within its jurisdiction while allowing for inter-state transport subject to compliance with laws.

Issues: The validity of the Commissioner’s authority to prohibit inter-State transport of banned goods and whether the FIR had any basis were central issues.

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined that distribution includes transportation of products as well, reaffirming the state’s powers to protect public health.

Result: Petition partly allowed - The transport prohibition upheld within the state but cleared for inter-state transport, FIR not quashed.

Table of Content
1. challenge to inter-state transport prohibition (Para 2 , 5)
2. arguments on jurisdiction of food safety commissioner (Para 6 , 8)
3. overview of relevant constitutional provisions (Para 9 , 10)
4. power delegation and authority of state commissioner (Para 11)
5. interpretation of 'distribution' in section 30(2)(a) (Para 13 , 15 , 16)
6. limitations on state's power regarding inter-state commerce (Para 17 , 18 , 19)
7. state's right to regulate public health (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
8. constitutional validity of the prohibition (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
9. overlap of copta and fssa (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
10. definition of food and its implications (Para 30 , 31 , 32)
11. analysis of conflicting judgments (Para 33 , 34)
12. prosecution under ipc provisions (Para 35 , 36)
13. next steps in judicial consideration (Para 37 , 38 , 39)
14. final ruling on law's application and enforcement (Para 40 , 41)

JUDGMENT :

AVINASH G. GHAROTE, J.

1. Rule. Rule is made returnable forthwith. Heard finally with consent of the parties.

2. The present petition challenges the order dated 15.7.2020 (Annexure-8) issued by the respondent no. 2, the Food Safety Commissioner, Food and Drugs Administration, Maharashtra State, passed under Section 3 0 (2) (a) of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “the FSSA” for the sake of brevity) to the extent it prohibits transport of banned products such as tobacco, Pan Masala, etc. from one State to another through the State of Maharashtra, as being unconstitutional and ultra vires, the powers of the said authority under the FSSA. The petition also seeks to quash F.I.R. No. 358 of 2020 (Annexure-1) registered by the respondent no. 1 for offences punishable under Section 2 6 (2) (i), 26 (2) (iv), 26 (3), 59 of the FSSA and Sections 188 , 272, 273 and 328 of the I.P.C.

3. The admitted position on record is that the petitioner no. 1 is the driver, petitioner no. 2 is the cleaner and petitioner no. 3 is the owner of the truck bearing registration No. UP-21-CN-2323, whereas the petitioner no. 4 is the transporter. The petitioners undertook to transport four consignments booked by M/s. Vishnu Pan Products, Kakadkopar, Vapi-Dharampur Road, Valsad, Gujarat to Sumati Traders, Joda (Odisha) and Santosh Traders at Post Khalari, Angul, Odisha (Orissa). The consignments contained Vimal Pan Masala, Jarda and scented tobacco and were to be transported from Valsad in the State of Gujarat to Joda in the State of Orissa, under the cover of invoices, e-way bills and lorry receipts (collectively at Annexure-2).

4. It is necessary to mention at the outset that the sale and transport of Vimal Pan Masala, Jarda and scented tobacco is not prohibited either in the State of Gujarat or in the State of Orissa as per the submission made by the learned Senior Counsel Mr. Bhangde, which position is admitted by Mr. Ashirgade, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the respondents.

5. When the truck carrying the goods, as stated above, was passing through village Jaulka, Tahsil Malegaon, District Washim, on 3.10.2020 at about 5:00 p.m. the vehicle was stopped by officials of the respondent no. 3 and upon inspection finding that the same contained the above goods, which were prohibited in the State of Maharashtra, officials of the respondent no. 3 detained the vehicle and seized the same, in respect of which a panchanama is said to have been prepared on 4.10.2020, copy of which is claimed to have not been supplied to the petitioners.

A representation was made on 5.10.2020 to the respondent no. 1, requesting to release the truck and the goods on account of the fact that the same was being used only for the purpose of transiting from the State, without any response.

On 6.10.2020, the petitioners issued a legal notice to the respondent no. 3 for releasing the goods in view of the order dated 4.9.2019 passed in Criminal Writ Petition No. 793 of 2019 (page 42), wherein in similar circumstances the Court by an interim order, had sta

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