IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
Sandeep K. Shinde, J.
Mr. Ganpat Govind Shigvan – Petitioner
Versus
Mrs. Preeti Paresh Shah – Respondent
Writ Petition No. 7237 of 2022
Decided On : 13-01-2023
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 – Order 7 Rule 10, Order 7 Rule 11 – Presidency Small Causes Court Act, 1882 – Section 41, 41(1) – Rent Act, 1960 – Section 5 – Easements Act, 1882 – Section 52 – Claiming License – Recovery of possession of any immovable property – Summons against person occupying property without leave – Existence of landlord-tenant relationship is sine-qua-non – Case on behalf of the petitioner is that the plaintiff is not entitled to any relief in suit – Plaint shall at any stage of the suit be returned to be presented to the court in which the suit should have been instituted – Whether Plaintiffs prove their lawful title over suit premises – Held, Fact apparent from judgment of Labour Court which conveys that Petitioner was retrenched by company and therefore his possession in suit premises was not arising from employment contract and Petitioner – Next judgment relied on was a decision in case – Principles laid down in cited judgment – In consideration of facts of case and for reasons, in my view, trial court has not committed error in exercise of jurisdiction and, therefore, no interference is called for in impugned order – Petition is dismissed.
JUDGMENT :
1. Miss Preeti P. Shah, the Respondent and her mother Jaylaxmi Amrutlal Mehta, instituted Suit No.2151 of 2010 against the Petitioner-Defendant, for possession of Garage No.7 admeasuring 140 sq.ft., Ground Floor, New Ajanta Co-operative Housing Society Ltd., situated at L.D. Ruparel Marg, Malabar Hill, Mumbai -400 006 ("suit property-garage" for short). Pending suit, Petitioner-Defendant, taken out Notice of Motion under Order 7 Rule 10 of the CPC for return of plaint with alternative prayer under the provisions of Order 7 Rule 11 of the CPC for rejection of the plaint. Later, prayer seeking rejection of the plaint was not pressed. The Learned Trial Court vide order dated 4th February, 2021 declined to return the plaint and dismissed the Notice of Motion No. 3475/17. Feeling aggrieved by the said order, this Petition is preferred.
2. Facts essential for the decision of this Petition, are as under.
3. Mr. Amrutlal Mehta-father of the Respondent acquired right, title and interest in the suit property-garage. Mr. Amrutlal Mehta, hired Petitioner-Defendant, as a domestic servant for household work in or about 1969. It is stated that initially the Defendant used to sleep outside the flat No.7 in the lobby. Thereafter, the Defendant took training of driving motor vehicle and obtained driving licence in 1973. He got married in or about 1979, but continued to work with Amrutlal Mehta (now deceased). He allowed the Defendant and his family to shift in the garage in the year 1985-86. Plaintiffs' case is that, Defendant had assured Amrutlal, once he acquires suitable residential accommodation, he would shift from the garage premises. That, since 1986, Defendant was employed as a driver in M/s. Amrutlal Zinabhai Steel Pvt. Ltd., a Company, of which Mr.Amrutlal Mehta was one of the directors. The Petitioner's services as a driver was continued even after the death of Mr. Amrutlal Mehta, who passed away on 9th May, 2005. Thereafter, as per last will and testament of deceased Amrutlal, all movable and immovable properties have been bequeathed to Plaintiff No.2 and accordingly probate was obtained. It is Plaintiffs' case that Amrutlal Mehta ('deceased' for short) had never appointed Petitioner, as a driver after 1986, but he continued his employment with M/s. Amrutlal Zinabhai Steel Pvt. Ltd. It appears, the Company did not require services of the Defendant as a driver. He was retrenched in or around May, 2006. Whereafter, Petitioner-Defendant, filed a complaint (ULP No. 251/2006) seeking reinstatement on the post of driver in M/s. Amrutlal Zinabhai Steel Pvt. Ltd. with full back-wages and continuity of services with effect from July, 2006. The Learned Presiding Officer, Labour Court, vide Judgment and Order dated 24th May, 2010 dismissed the complaint, but directed M/s.Amrutlal Zinabhai Steel Pvt. Ltd. Company, (Respondent No.2 therein) to deposit retrenchment compensation within one month from the date of passing of the order. Learned Presiding Officer upon appreciating the evidence, was pleased to observe in judgment that "the Complainant (Petitioner) was working as a driver for one of the directors of the Respondent Company i.e. the chairman late Shri Amrutlal Mehta till his death. He was allowed to use one garage for his residential purpose, at that time as concession and free of cost. After death of Amrutlal Mehta, the company was not in need of any driver. He was properly retrenched and offered him his legal dues". Yet before filing the ULP Complaint, Petitioner instituted, Declaratory Suit in the Court of Small Causes, Mumbai being Suit No. 162/2009, to seek declaration that, he is a tenant in the suit premises. The suit was dismissed by Judgment and Order dated 16th August, 2019, wherein it was, held that the Petitioner (Plaintiff therein) failed to prove that he had acquired any right, title or interest in the suit premises as tenant under the provisions of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act or a licensee or gratuitous license
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The court affirmed that a licensee cannot claim protected tenancy without proving exclusive possession as of 1 February 1973 under Section 15A of the Bombay Rent Act.
In eviction proceedings governed by rent control laws, a landlord need not prove absolute title, only the right to possession. A licensee is estopped under Section 116 of the Evidence Act from questi....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the jurisdiction of the Small Cause Court under Section 41 of the Presidency Small Causes Courts Act to address the refusal to deliver the property....
The Court of Small Causes has jurisdiction over eviction proceedings involving ex-employees after terminating their licenses under specific contractual premises.
Settled possession cannot be deemed unlawful solely due to resignation; eviction requires due process of law.
A licensee whose license has expired cannot claim protected tenant status under Section 15A of the Bombay Rent Act, and tenants are estopped from questioning the landlord's title during eviction proc....
Tenant disputes regarding possession are exclusively subject to the jurisdiction of the Small Causes Court under the Presidency Small Causes Court Act, 1882.
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