IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
Rajesh S. Patil, J.
Mrs. Alka Bhausaheb Bhad @ Alka Dagadu Shelke - Petitioner
Versus
Mr. Bhausaheb Ramrao Bhad and ors. - Respondents
Criminal Writ Petition No.2416 of 2022
Decided On : 14-12-2023
Maintenance - Maintenance Claim under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. - [Cr.P.C. 125] - The court analyzed the evidence and referred to various judgments including Chanmuniya v. Virender Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Badshah v. Sou. Urmila Badshah Godse, Dwarika Prasad Satpathy v. Bidyut Prava Dixit, Vimala (K) v. Veeraswamy (K), and others to determine the validity of the marriage for the purpose of maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. The court held that the petitioner should be treated as the 'wife' of the respondent for the purpose of maintenance. The judgment and order of the Sessions Court were quashed and set aside, and the order of the J.M.F.C. granting maintenance to the petitioner was confirmed. The respondent was granted two months to clear the outstanding maintenance amount, and the petitioner was given the liberty to file a fresh application for enhancement of maintenance amount.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner filed a maintenance application under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. claiming maintenance from the respondent/husband. The petitioner alleged that she was made to believe by the respondent that he had divorced his first wife and relying upon his statement, she got married to the respondent. The J.M.F.C. granted maintenance to the petitioner, but the Sessions Court set aside the maintenance order.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the petitioner should be treated as the 'wife' of the respondent for the purpose of maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. The judgment and order of the Sessions Court were quashed and set aside, and the order of the J.M.F.C. granting maintenance to the petitioner was confirmed.
Issues: The main issue was the validity of the marriage for the purpose of maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. and whether the petitioner should be treated as the 'wife' of the respondent for the purpose of maintenance.
Ratio Decidendi: The court relied on various judgments including Chanmuniya v. Virender Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Badshah v. Sou. Urmila Badshah Godse, Dwarika Prasad Satpathy v. Bidyut Prava Dixit, Vimala (K) v. Veeraswamy (K), and others to determine the validity of the marriage for the purpose of maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. The court held that the petitioner should be treated as the 'wife' of the respondent for the purpose of maintenance.
Final Decision: The judgment and order of the Sessions Court were quashed and set aside, and the order of the J.M.F.C. granting maintenance to the petitioner was confirmed. The respondent was granted two months to clear the outstanding maintenance amount, and the petitioner was given the liberty to file a fresh application for enhancement of maintenance amount.
JUDGMENT :
1. RULE. Rule by consent made returnable forthwith.
2. This Writ Petition is filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India challenging the Judgment and Order dated 21 April 2022, passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Niphad, in Criminal Revision Application No.11 of 2015.
FACTS :
3. The Petitioner on 20 December 2012, filed an Application being Criminal Application No. 444 of 2012 under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short “Cr.P.C.”) for grant of maintenance before the J.M.F.C., Yeola, from the Respondent/Husband.
3.1 It was pleaded by the Petitioner before the J.M.F.C. that she is the second wife of the Respondent, and her marriage took place with the Respondent in the year 1989. It was further stated that she was made to believe that the first wife of the Respondent namely Jijabai was not cohabiting with him properly and as Jijabai was not able to conceive a male child, the Respondent got divorced from her. Relying on the words of the Respondent, the Petitioner got married with the Respondent.
3.2 It is further case of the Petitioner that on 3 September 1991, she gave birth to a male child who was conceived with the Respondent. After one or two years of her marriage, the first wife of the Respondent, namely Jijabai, requested the Respondent through mediators to allow her to cohabit with him, and through the intervention, the Petitioner herself gave consent to the Respondent to allow Jijabai to reside with them jointly. Thereafter, the Petitioner gave birth to another male child, while Jijabai also gave birth to a male child.
3.3. It is further case of Petitioner that the Respondent immediately thereafter started harassing the Petitioner. The Petitioner was subjected to various abuses and physical beating at the hands of the Respondent and ultimately, she was sent to her parental home. Subsequently, due to intervention of members of the community, there was a mutual understanding between the Petitioner and Respondent, pursuant to which, the Petitioner started residing separately along with her children in the same village. The Respondent started paying maintenance amount to the Petitioner, which continued till the year 2011, but however, since 2011 at the instigation of the first wife Jijabai, the Respondent stopped paying maintenance to the Petitioner and he also stopped visiting the house of the Petitioner. So also, the Respondent abused the children conceived with the Petitioner and also threatened them not to demand any maintenance amount. It was also further submitted by the Petitioner that Respondent was having good income as he was owner of irrigated agricultural land, and also had milk business. He was also a contractor for digging wells; and as such his monthly income is around Rupees fifty to sixty thousand, therefore, the Petitioner claimed a sum of Rs.5,000/- per month from the Respondent.
4. The Respondent/Husband filed his reply to the maintenance application filed by the Petitioner. The Respondent denied the contention of the Petitioner. He stated that he never married the Petitioner and as per his contention he got married with Jijabai on 12 March 1981 and the said marriage was still in existence and he had never divorced Jijabai. The Respondent further stated that he never resided with the Petitioner, and he has no concern with the children of the Petitioner, whatsoever.
5. The Petitioner examined herself and reiterated the statement made by her in her pleadings. She also stated that if necessary, she was ready to undergo a DNA test to prove that her children are begotten from the Respondent. The Petitioner also examined her two sons as Witness No.2 and Witness No.3. The Leaving Certificate of Witness No.2 as well as the Final Marksheet of Std. 12th of Witness No.3 were produced on record to prove that the Respondent No.1 is the father of Witness Nos.2 and 3. So also, one Mr. Asaram Tupke, who arranged the marriage of Petitioner and Respondent, was also examined as a witn
Badshah Vs. Sou. Urmila Badshah Godse & Anr.
Chanmuniya Vs. Virender Kumar Singh Kushwaha
D. Velusamy Vs. D Patchaiammal reported in 2010 (10) SCC 469
Dwarika Prasad Satpathy Vs. Bidyut Prava Dixit
Lalita Toppo Vs. State of Jharkhand
Pyla Mutyalamma @ Satyavathi Vs. Pyla Suri Demudu
The term ‘wife’ in Section 125 of the Code includes a woman who has been divorced by her husband or who has obtained a divorce from her husband and has not remarried. A woman not having the legal sta....
`(1) Only a legally wedded wife can claim maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C.(2) Decree of divorce can only be granted by Court and divorce by agreement is not valid in eyes of law.
Maintenance can be granted under Section 125 Cr.P.C. based on a marriage-like relationship, without strict proof of marriage; primary focus is on neglect and economic capabilities.
Term ‘wife’ in Section 125 of Code of Criminal Procedure, includes a woman who has been divorced by a husband or who has obtained a divorce from her husband and has not remarried.
Once such presumption of a lawful marriage commenced to operate in favour of a marriage which has taken place in fact, such a presumption alone would be good enough to entitle the wife to maintain.
The Court clarified that a second wife whose marriage is void due to the survival of the first marriage is not entitled to maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. The Court emphasized the need for stri....
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