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2026 Supreme(Bom) 484

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
SARANG V.KOTWAL, SANDESH D.PATIL, JJ.
Rahul Ravindra Barai - Appellant 
Versus 
The State of Maharashtra & Another – Respondents
Criminal Appeal No.1165 of 2023 With Interim Application No.3504 of 2023, Criminal Appeal No.976 of 2023 With Interim Application No.3191 of 2023 With Criminal Appeal No.976 of 2024 With Interim Application No.4960 of 2024 
Decided On : 13-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Sachin Deokar, Advocate.
For the Respondents:Ms. Kranti Hiwrale, APP, Mr. Jugal Kanani, Advocate.

Victim's statements detailing assaults admissible under Evidence Act s.32(1) as circumstances of death in circumstantial gang rape-murder case; complete chain via forensic, CDR, identifications proves guilt; High Court may impose life as remainder of natural life for brutality against minor.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 363, 366-A, 376-D, 302, 201 read with 120-B; Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 - Sections 4, 6 - Circumstantial evidence - Minor victim kidnapped, subjected to repeated gang rape, murdered by strangulation, body concealed in trolley bag and abandoned at railway station - Victim's statements to friend detailing assaults by accused admissible under Evidence Act Section 32(1) as relating to circumstances of transaction resulting in death - Complete chain of circumstances proved via recoveries (matching nylon rope), purchase receipt of bag, call detail records showing travel, witness identifications, medical evidence of violent assault and strangulation - 'Gang rape' under Section 376-D where persons act in furtherance of common intention, each deemed to have committed offence - Conviction and concurrent life sentences upheld. (Paras 48-63)

(B) Evidence Act - Section 32(1) - Statements by deceased regarding cause or circumstances of death relevant even if not under expectation of death. (Para 53)

(C) Sentencing - Life imprisonment under Sections 302, 376-D IPC - Trial court may not specify 'remainder of natural life' under Section 302 but High Court possesses such power upon considering brutality, pre-planning, depravity against minor. (Paras 64-67)

Facts of the case:
Three accused conspired to kidnap 15-year-old girl, confine her in flat, repeatedly rape her, murder her by strangulation using her garment after she resisted relocation, pack body in newly purchased trolley bag, transport via taxis to railway station for abandonment. Crime traced via SIM card concealed in underwear, leading to arrests, recoveries, and investigation confirming movements via drivers, CCTV, call records.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution established complete chain of circumstances excluding innocence; all accused guilty of charged offences; no leniency warranted given brutality to minor.

Issues: Sufficiency of circumstantial evidence including victim's extra-judicial statements, recoveries, identifications, call records; definition and proof of gang rape; powers to impose life as remainder of natural life.

Ratio Decidendi: In circumstantial cases, victim's pre-death statements to confidant admissible under Evidence Act Section 32(1) if part of transaction causing death, corroborated by forensic matches, digital trails, witness testimonies forming unbroken chain to guilt; gang rape proved by common intention via coordinated acts; appellate court may enhance sentence to natural life for heinous crimes against minors.

Result: Appeals dismissed; convictions and sentences confirmed.

Table of Content
1. consolidated appeals against joint convictions. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. abduction, gang rape, murder, body disposal. (Para 6)
3. prosecution witnesses and total denial defence. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
4. body and sim discovery initiates probe. (Para 11 , 12 , 14)
5. arrests and discovery-based recoveries. (Para 13 , 15 , 39 , 40)
6. forensic, medical confirm assault, strangulation. (Para 16 , 17 , 21)
7. basic facts of murder proved. (Para 22)
8. accused 3 induced victim from home. (Para 23 , 24 , 25)
9. victim disclosed rapes to confidant. (Para 26)
10. accused occupied flat with victim. (Para 27 , 28)
11. bag purchase receipt links accused. (Para 29)
12. drivers confirm bag transport to pune. (Para 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
13. cctv corroborates accused movements. (Para 35 , 36 , 37)
14. test identification parade identifications reliable. (Para 38)
15. cdr links phones to locations. (Para 41)
16. arguments on circumstantial evidence sufficiency. (Para 44 , 45 , 46 , 47)
17. victim confinement by accused established. (Para 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52)
18. statements admissible under evidence act section 32(1). (Para 53 , 54 , 55)
19. matching ropes prove involvement. (Para 56 , 57)
20. travel identifications confirm complicity. (Para 58 , 59 , 60)
21. cdr completes guilt chain. (Para 61 , 62)
22. gang rape by common intention. (Para 63)
23. life sentences for remainder upheld. (Para 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68)

JUDGMENT :

SARANG V.KOTWAL, J.

1. All these three Appeals are decided by this common judgment because they arise out of the same impugned judgment and order dated 26.5.2023 passed by the learned Special Judge under POCSO Act & Additional Sessions Judge, Pune in Special Case Child Prot. No.246/2014. For convenience, the Appellants are referred to by their original status as the accused in the trial.

2. Criminal Appeal No.1165/2023 is preferred by the original accused No.1 Rahul Barai, Criminal Appeal No.976/2023 is preferred by the original accused No.2 Jishan Kureshi and Criminal Appeal No.976/2024 is preferred by the original accused No.3 Santosh Jugdar.

3. The learned trial Judge convicted and sentenced all of them for commission of the offences punishable under Sections 363 read with 120-B, 366-A read with 120-B, 376-D read with 120-B, 302 read with 120-B, 201 read with 120-B of Indian Penal Code and under Sections 4 and 6 of the Protection of Children From Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (for short, ‘POCSO Act’). They were sentenced as follows :

i. For commission of the offence punishable under Section 363 read with 120-B of IPC, they were sentenced to suffer RI for three years each and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each and in default of payment of fine to suffer RI for six months each;

ii. For commission of the offence punishable under Section 366-A read with 120-B of IPC, they were sentenced to suffer RI for five years each and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each and in default of payment of fine to suffer RI for six months each;

iii. For commission of the offence punishable under Section 376-D read with 120-B of IPC, they were sentenced to suffer life imprisonment for the remainder of their natural life and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each and in default of payment of fine to suffer RI for six months each;

iv. For commission of the offence punishable under Section 302 read with 120-B of IPC, they were sentenced to suffer life imprisonment for the remainder of their natural life and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each and in default of payment of fine to suffer RI for six months each;

v. For commission of the offence punishable under Section 201 read with 120-B of IPC, they were sentenced to suffer RI for three years and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each and in default of payment of fine to suffer RI for six months each;

All the sentences were directed to run concurrently. They were given set off under Section 428 of Cr.P.C. for the punishment under Sections 363, 366-A and 201 of IPC.

4. There was one more accused i.e. accused No.4 Shivkumar Thather

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