GUJARAT HIGH COURT
Divyesh A. Joshi, J.
Kantilal Maganlal Shah and Anr. – Applicants
versus
State of Gujarat and Anr. – Respondents
R/Special Criminal Application (Quashing) No.1199 of 2015
Decided on 12.7.2024
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 465, 467, 471, 406, 420 and 114 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 482 – Criminal breach of trust, cheating and forgery – Dispute involved in present case is with regard to ancestral property of complainant and applicant – If mere pendency of suit is made a ground for quashing criminal proceedings, unscrupulous litigants would be encouraged to frustrate course of justice and law by filing suits – Such a course cannot be mandate of law – Clear and specific allegations are made by complainant sister that she has been deprived of her legitimate rights from her ancestral property by applicant who happens to be her real brother – She, being a coparcener in property, is legally entitled to get her share from inherited property of her father – Elements of forgery exist in present case – Opinion of Handwriting Expert is also on record, opining signature of complainant on disputed documents as forged one – Matter is required to be thoroughly investigated and Court should be loath in exercising its inherent power in such type of cases – It was a procedural delay and not an intentional one – Entire prosecution story could not be disbelieved on the ground of delay – Application dismissed. (Paras 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 and 21)
Result: Application dismissed.
JUDGMENT (CAV)
At the outset, learned advocate Mr. Parthiv B. Shah submits that during the pendency of the present proceedings, the applicant No.1-Kantilal Maganlal Shah has passed away and, therefore, he does not press this application and seeks permission to withdraw the same qua the applicant No.1. Accordingly, the present application is disposed of as withdrawn qua the applicant No.1- Kantilal Maganlal Shah.
2. By this application under section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, the applicant seek to invoke the inherent powers of this Court praying for quashing of the first information report being Criminal Inquiry Case No.05 of 2014 which is now registered as M.Case No.01 of 2014 before the Jetpur Police Station, Vadodara Rural for the offence punishable under sections 465, 467, 471, 406, 420 and 114 of the IPC.
3. The factual matrix of the case, in a nutshell, is that the dispute involved in the present case is with regard to the ancestral property of the complainant and the applicant. The complainant happens to be the sister of the applicant. It is alleged by the complainant the applicant, with a view to deprive her right as well as the rights of the legal heirs of her one of the brothers Jayantibhai, has forged the signature of the complainant as well as her brother Jayantibhai upon some significant documents including her statement said to have been made by her before the Talati dated 25.07.1975 as well as the notice under Section 135(D) of the Land Revenue Code dated 01.01.1986 and thereby has tried to deprive the rights of the complainant as well as the legal heirs of one of her brothers Jayantibhai from their ancestral property. It is also alleged that at the time of creating such documents, the complainant was even not present before the concerned authority and was performing her public duties at her office. Even Jayantibhai was not present on such dates and was also performing his duties at District: Vardhagam, Maharashtra. It is further alleged in the complainant, having come to know about such documents being submitted by the applicant before the competent revenue authorities in her name, the complainant immediately obtained copy of the said documents from the concerned revenue authorities and sent the same to the FSL for getting the opinion of the handwriting expert, which was received on 07.03.2014, and as per the said opinion, the signatures upon the documents are forged one and does not belong to the complainant as well as his brother Jayantibhai. It is also alleged in the complaint after getting deleted the name of the complainant as well as her brother Jayantibhai from the revenue record, the applicant has sold out their ancestral property to the third person by way of a registered sale deed, for which, civil proceedings for declaring such sale deed as null and void as well as for permanent injunction were initiated by the complainant as well as the heirs of her brother Jayantibhai, which is pending in the Court of Principal Civil Judge, Pavi- Jetpur. R.T.S. Appeal Nos.65 of 2013 and 77 of 2013 were also filed by the complainant before the Dy. Collector, Chhota Udepur, which is also pending for final adjudication. With this sort of allegations, initially, a written complaint was made by the complainant to the Police Sub-Inspector, Jetpur Pavi Police Station, however, as the Police Sub-Inspector declined to lodge the FIR, the complainant had approached the Dy.S.P., Chhota Udepur, which came to be registered as Outward No.424 and a direction was issued to the concerned police sub-inspector to initiate inquiry as regards the grievance of the complainant. Thereafter, time and again, the complainant sought details about the status of his complaint from the concerned police sub-inspector, however, he was informed by the police subinspector that no further procedure is required to be initiated in respect of her complaint. Hence, the complainant has lodged the impugned complaint.
4. Learned advocate Mr.
Lal Muni Devi (Smt.) vs. State of Bihar
Mere pendency of suit cannot be made a ground for quashing criminal proceedings – Entire prosecution story could not be disbelieved on the ground of delay.
The mere existence of a civil dispute does not bar criminal proceedings where allegations disclose crimes, and the delay in filing a complaint does not negate the need for investigation.
The court established that allegations of forgery and cheating can coexist with civil disputes, allowing for criminal proceedings to continue.
Criminal proceedings cannot be pursued when the validity of the document in question is already under adjudication in a civil court, to prevent abuse of the judicial process.
The court emphasized the need for custodial interrogation based on prima facie evidence of forgery, and highlighted the balance between personal liberty and societal interest in granting anticipatory....
The existence of civil proceedings does not bar criminal prosecution for allegations of forgery, as distinct standards apply to criminal and civil liability.
The court affirmed that civil disputes do not preclude the initiation of criminal proceedings based on allegations of forgery and that both can arise from the same facts independently.
The court emphasized that speculative allegations without substantial evidence cannot sustain criminal proceedings, and individuals possess the right to manage their property affairs without undue in....
The need for prima facie evidence and the expediency in the interests of justice before initiating proceedings under Section 340 CrPC.
The court established that civil disputes can coexist with criminal allegations, and the merits of such allegations must be determined through trial, not preemptively dismissed.
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