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2022 Supreme(Pat) 223

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
ASHWANI KUMAR SINGH, RAJEEV RANJAN PRASAD, JJ.
Shambhu Nath Singh @ Shambhu Singh son of Raj Keshi Singh - Appellants
Versus
The State of Bihar - Respondent
Criminal Appeal (DB) No.254 of 2016
Decided on : 20-01-2022

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Ajay Kumar Thakur, Adv.
For the Respondent: Ms. Shashi Bala Verma, APP

Headnote:

Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 302/34, 307, 326, 325, 324 and 323 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 303 – Murder, attempt to murder and hurt – Common intention – Death sentence – No advocate defended case of appellants – Right from inception of trial, Trial Court failed to ensure a fair trial to accused persons – A trial primarily aimed at ascertaining truth has to be fair to all concerned which includes accused, victims and society at large – Each person has a right to be dealt with fairly in a criminal trial – Denial of a fair trial amounts to injustice not only to accused but also to victim and the society – An accused has a right to fair trial – Under our Constitution as also international treaties and conventions, right to get a fair trial is considered as a basic human right – Once, there was no Lawyer to represent appellants, who were in custody at relevant time, it was duty of Trial Court to provide legal assistance to them – If a Lawyer was appointed before Court of Magistrate and was not representing accused before Court of Sessions, there could not have been any presumption against accused persons that non-appearance of Lawyer was a planned and deliberate move to delay trial and defeat ends of justice – Right to a fair trial in spirit of right to life and personal liberty has been completely denied to appellants in instant case by Trial Court – Fast tracking of trial has resulted in burying cause of justice – Impugned judgment and order set aside and de novo trial ordered – Trial Court would provide appellants a legal aid Counsel. (Paras 20, 21, 27, 40, 45, 46, 48 and 49)

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Sections 303 and 304 – Constitution of India – Article 21 – Fair trial – Proceeding in any criminal case are to be conducted by a competent, independent and impartial court – In a criminal trial, as State is prosecuting party and police are also an agency of State, it is all the more important that judiciary is free from all suspicion of extraneous influence and control direct or indirect – Whole burden of fair and impartial trial rests on shoulders of judiciary – In a criminal trial, burden of proving guilt of accused is upon prosecution, as trial begins with presumption of innocence in favour of accused – Requirement of fair trial is that accused person is given adequate opportunity to defend himself – But, this opportunity will have no meaning if accused person is not provided with legal assistance during trial, if he is unable to engage a Lawyer of his own choice – It is duty of State to provide a Counsel to accused in certain cases and a fundamental right of accused to have free legal assistance at cost of State, if he is unable to engage a Lawyer to defend his case – Failure to provide such assistance vitiates trial – Court cannot turn a blind eye to fact that accused is not being defended by any Counsel and proceed with trial without ensuring right of accused to be defended by a Lawyer. (Paras 24 and 25)

JUDGMENT :

ASHWANI KUMAR SINGH, J.

In the instant appeal, the appellants have challenged the judgment of conviction dated 30.01.2016 and order of sentence dated 02.02.2016 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-IX, Muzaffarpur in Sessions Trial No. 787 of 2014 arising out of Paroo P.S. Case No. 56 of 2014 by which they have been convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 302/34, 307, 326, 325, 324 and 323 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life till death and a fine of Rs. 1 lac for the conviction under Section 302/34 of the Indian Penal Code and rigorous imprisonment for ten years and a fine of Rs. 50,000/-for the conviction under Section 307 of the India Penal Code and in default of payment of fine to further undergo rigorous imprisonment for three years. However, no separate sentence has been awarded for the conviction under Sections 326, 325, 324 and 323 of the Indian Penal Code.

2. The prosecution case, in short, as disclosed in the fardbeyan of Abhinav Kumari @ Gunja Kumari (P.W.11), daughter of Late Baliram Singh, resident of village-Fatehabad, Police Station-Paroo in the district of Muzaffarpur recorded by P.N. Singh (not examined), Sub-Inspector of Police of Ahiyapur Police Station on 14.03.2014 at 10:30 AM at SKMCH, Muzaffarpur is that her deceased father had gone to the field to harvest mustard plant situated at a distance of half kilometer towards South. She herself and her elder sister Amrita Kumari (deceased) along with her younger sister Pushpanjali Kumari had gone to the field carrying breakfast for their deceased father. At about 10.30 AM, her co-sharers, namely, Shambhu Singh, Ravindra Kumar, Dhirendra Kumar and Sudha Devi reached to the field being armed with weapons in their hands. They stopped her father from harvesting mustard plant upon which an altercation took place, whereafter the appellant no. 2 Ravindra Kumar assaulted her father with farsa with an intention to kill him and appellant no. 1 Shambhu Singh assaulted him with iron rod. Thereafter, appellant no. 3 Dhirendra Kumar, who was armed with pistol assaulted her father with the butt of the pistol, as a result of which, he became seriously injured. When she and her two sisters tried to save their father, the appellants brutally assaulted her elder sister Amrita Kumari causing fracture of her hand. They also assaulted her younger sister Micky Kumari, as a result of which, she died in the field itself. Thereafter, the appellants proceeded towards her house saying that her mother (P.W.8) should also be finished. They came to her house and mercilessly assaulted her mother with an intention to kill her. On hulla, several persons arrived there and her father was taken to hospital at Paroo. After initial treatment, the doctor referred him to SKMCH. While being taken to SKMCH, her father Baliram Singh died on the way. She herself, her younger sister and her mother are being treated at SKMCH in injured condition.

3. On the basis of the aforesaid oral statement of the informant (P.W.11), the First Information Report (for short the ‘FIR’) was drawn up and Paroo P.S. Case No. 56 of 2014 was registered on 14.03.2014 at 01:00 PM.

4. On completion of investigation, the police submitted a report under Section 173(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for short the ‘Cr.P.C.’) vide charge-sheet no. 37 of 2014 dated 28.05.2014.

5. The FIR named accused Shambhu Singh (appellant no. 1), Ravindra Kumar (appellant no. 2) and Dhirendra Kumar (appellant no. 3) were sent up for trial for the offences punishable under Sections 341, 323, 324, 307, 325, 326, 302 and 504/34 of the Indian Penal Code.

6. On receipt of the charge-sheet, cognizance was taken by the learned Jurisdictional Magistrate vide order dated 18.09.2014 and the case was committed to the Court of Sessions on 25.09.2014.

7. The learned Sessions Judge, Muzaffar

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