IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
ASHWANI KUMAR SINGH and
Dr. ANSHUMAN, JJ.
(27.6.2022)
CWJC No.12060 of 2021
Saraswati Devi & Anr. : Petitioners
Vs.
State of Bihar & Ors. : Respondents
Bihar State Slum Policy, 2011 – Affordable Housing and Slum Rehabilitation Housing Policy, 2017 (Revised) – Rehabilitation – Right to shelter pleaded on behalf of petitioners cannot be used for the purpose of unlawful encroachment upon public land – Encroachment over a public land cannot be allowed to continue by citing pretext of right to shelter – Mere long possession over public land by way of encroachment is not sufficient to say that encroachers are not liable to be evicted as they have a right to shelter – Petitioners have failed to make out any case that respondents have failed to exercise or has wrongly exercised discretion conferred upon them by a statute or a rule or a policy decision of Government or they have exercised such discretion mala fide or on irrelevant consideration – An encroacher upon a public land, who has erected structures like jhuggi/jhopari cannot claim that he can not be evicted unless he is rehabilitated at a suitable place – Writ Petition dismissed. (Paras 14 to 18)
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Vs. Nawab Khan Gulab Khan & Ors., AIR 1997 SC 152 – Relied.
ASHWANI KUMAR SINGH, J.:–The petitioners have made the following prayers in the present writ petition:—
“(a) Issue a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents to provide complete rehabilitation to the petitioners, as per the Bihar State Slum Policy, 2011 and Affordable Housing and Slum Rehabilitation Housing Policy, 2017 (Revised).
(b) Issue a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents to ensure provision of alternate transit accommodation that includes basic civic amenities, consistent with the rights to life and dignity of each of the petitioners and/or similarly situated people at the locality.
(c) Issue a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents to immediately provide a shelter to safeguard the petitioners and/or similarly situated persons in the locality from this harsh weather and on-going second wave of Covid-19 infection and transmission.
(d) Issue a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents to immediately make the community toilet accessible for the residents that are found locked and inaccessible.
(e) Directing the respondents to provide immediate relief to the petitioner and/or to the residents of the said area and ensure to provide the inhabitants with food packets, potable water, power supply, education, livelihood, proper health check-up facilities including ante-natal care to pregnant women and postnatal care to lactating mothers, immunization, access to anganwardi centre to provide nutrition and to provide visitation by Asha members and other services as per the ICDS scheme etc. to facilitate the petitioners.
(f) To issue a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents to place on record the status of petitioners’ plea under affordable housing PMAY-U Housing For All, Affordable Housing and Slum Rehabilitation Housing Policy, 2017 (Revised) with a date of final allotment of the houses under the scope of the scheme.
(g) Issue a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the respondents to place before this Hon’ble Court a proper slum rehabilitation plan that should be implemented as soon as possible.
(h) Directing the State to fulfill their constitutional and statutory obligation that is to ensure that if the jhuggi dweller is forcibly evicted and relocated, such jhuggi dweller are not worse off.
(i) Directing the respondents to appoint a Nodal Officer as per Affordable Housing and Slum Rehabilitation Housing Policy, 2017 (Revised) from Urban Local Bodies and District Administration to coordinate various measures to be taken as per provisions of these guidelines to facilitate the petitioners.
(j) Pass any such order as this Hon’ble Court may feel fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case.”
2. During the pendency of the writ petition, the petitioners have filed an interlocutory application vide I.A. No.01 of 2021 with a prayer to add the following prayers in the writ petition:—
“(k) Direct the respondents authorities to provide for transit accommodation at the earliest available opportunity to the people of slum areas who were evicted.
(l) Direct the respondent authorities to arrange for the rehabilitation of the people someplace else at the earliest available opportunity who were evicted from the slum.
(m) Direct the respondent authorities to provide for the unhindered supply of life saving drugs and medical supplies as much as possible to those people who were evicted from the slum area at the earliest available opportunity.
(n) Direct the respondent authorities to make available essential facilities such as toilet facilities and pure and potable water to the people who were evicted from the slums.
(o) Direct the respondent authorities to provide the evicted people with enough ration for them to sustain themselves until they are properly rehabilitated.
(p) Direct the respondent authorities to ensure that the evicted people are not facing any further hardships due to the present ongoing Covid pandemic and are being looked after properly in these
The judgment established that encroachment on public land does not entitle slum dwellers to demand rehabilitation on the same land or in the vicinity, and criticized the State Government's policy rew....
Positive rights are the right to shelter, the right to education, the right to health care, the right to a living wage. These things are – these are, I would call them, more properly, political right....
The court ruled that unlawful encroachers cannot claim rights under slum rehabilitation laws, reinforcing the supremacy of environmental protections and legal accountability.
Long-term possession of public land does not confer legal ownership; statutory frameworks for rehabilitation must be followed, emphasizing rights to fair processes in eviction under constitutional la....
The judgment established the fundamental right to shelter and emphasized the unlawful dispossession of the petitioners, highlighting the violation of their constitutional rights.
Point of Law - Having been so sanctioned and become a part of the Act, same was not a subject-matter that could be gone into by this Court in a petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India....
The judgment established that for entitlement to protection/rehabilitation under the existing policy framework for rehabilitation of residents of Jhuggi-Jhopri in Delhi, the settlement must qualify a....
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