IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
BIBEK CHAUDHURI, J.
Criminal Revision No. 826 with 834 of 2014
(10.4.2024)
Shri Chandra Mohan Choudhary (in 826)
Shri Mundrika Choudhary (in 834) ... Petitioners
vs.
State of Bihar & Anr. ... Respondents
(in both)
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Sections 239 and 240 – Framing of charge – At stage of Section 239 Cr.P.C., Court has to only look into prima facie case and obligation to discharge accused under Section 239 Cr.P.C. arises when Magistrate considers charge against accused to be groundless – No detailed evaluation of materials or meticulous consideration of possible defence need to be undertaken at the stage of consideration of application under Section 239 of Cr.P.C. – Only consideration at stage of Sections 239 and 240 of Cr.P.C. is as to whether allegation/charge-sheet is groundless – Even a very strong suspicion founded upon materials before the Magistrate which leads the same to form a presumptive opinion as to factual existence of ingredients constituting offence alleged may justify framing of charges against accused in respect of offence and suspicion must be founded upon materials placed before Magistrate which leads him to form a presumptive opinion as to existence of factual ingredients constituting offence. (Paras 28, 29 and 33)
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 164 – Confession of co-accused cannot be sole basis of conviction, nor substantive piece of evidence – An inculpatory part of confessional statement is admissible only against maker of statement – Exculpatory confession implicating some other persons than maker cannot be treated as a piece of evidence – As against co-accused, statement under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. cannot be held to be substantive evidence – It may be treated as a circumstance of corroboration if on the basis of independent evidence, prosecution is able to prove charge against co-accused – Court cannot start with confession of a co-accused person – It must begin with other evidence adduced by prosecution. (Para 35)
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 – Sections 13(1) and 13(2) – Indian Penal Code,1860 – Sections 409, 120 B and 109 – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 – Section 239 – Illegal gratification – Rejection of discharge petitions – Petitioners were Director, DRDA and DDC at relevant point of time – No incriminating material was seized from them – There is no evidence that they claimed bribe from any Panchayat Member within their jurisdiction against disbursement of money under Indira Awas Yojana – No trap was conducted in respect of Petitioners – From their physical possession, no tainted money was recovered – Principal evidence which relied upon by prosecution against Petitioners is the statement of co-accused recorded under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. – Investigating Agency did not find any incriminating material from respective residence of Petitioners – No case is made out with regard to disproportionate asset to known sources of income of Petitioners against them – Only on the basis of statement of co-accused recorded under Section 165 Cr.P.C., no prima facie case regarding commission of any offence is made out and it would amount to charge being groundless – When accused is implicated on the basis of inadmissible evidence and no direct or circumstantial evidence was brought forth to implicate them under Prevention of Corruption Act, they are entitled to be discharged – Petitioners discharged from case – Revision petitions allowed. (Paras 26, 27, 28, 34, 37, 38, 39 and 40)
Bibek Chaudhuri, J. – Both the Criminal Revisions are directed against an order, dated 14th of August, 2014, passed by the learned Special Judge, Vigilance, Patna in Special Case No. 01 of 2006, arising out of Vigilance P.S. Case No. 5 of 2006, whereby and whereunder, the petitions filed by the above-mentioned Petitioners under Sections 239 of the Cr.P.C., were rejected.
2. At the outset, it is necessary to record the following facts of Vigilance P.S. Case No. 05 of 2006.
On 16th of January, 2006, one Mahanand Prasad Yadav, Mukhiya of Udhampur Gram Panchayat, District-Supaul, lodged a complaint before the Additional Director General of Police, Vigilance Investigation Bureau (VIB), Patna (hereinafter described as “VIB”), alleging, inter alia, that the Office Clerks attached to the office of the Deputy Development Commissioner, Supaul, namely, Bachaneshwar Jha and Chandrahas Verma demanded Rs. 1,000/- per house from the above-mentioned complainant for allotment of funds to his Panchayat for construction of houses under Indira Awas Yojana. It was reported by the informant that there were 339 beneficiaries in his Panchayat area, who were entitled to get monetary assistance under Indira Awas Yojana. Their names were forwarded from the Panchayat Office to the Deputy Development Commissioner, Supaul for recommendation of sanction. It was alleged by the informant that the above-named persons demanded Rs. 3,39,000/- at the rate of Rs. 1,000/- per house for sanctioning funds under Indira Awas Yojana. The informant has further alleged that Panchayats which paid the bribe money, were granted sanction at the rate of 25,000/- per house and as he did not pay the said bribe money, the funds were not released in respect of his Panchayat Area. The informant was told by the above-mentioned persons that the bribe money would disbursed and distributed to the Deputy Development Commissioner, Director, DRDA, and the District Magistrate and thereafter the rest amount would be distributed amongst them. The complaint was duly verified by Lalbahadur Singh, Inspector, Cabinet, Vigilance and on receipt of verification report, dated 27th of January, 2006, an FIR was registered being Vigilance P.S. Case No. 5 of 2006 against one Bachneshwar Jha.
In order to ascertain the veracity of the complaint, officers of VIB prepared a pre-trap memorandum. As per the pre-trap memorandum, a raid was conducted in the office of DRDA, Supaul on 28th of January, 2006. Accused, Bachneshwar Jha was caught red handed while taking bribe of Rs. 35,000/-. Bribe money was recovered from the right side pocket of his trouser. In addition to the said money, a sum of Rs. 5,180/- was also recovered from the left side of pocket of his shirt. Different Almirahs, kept in the office of DRDA, Supaul were searched out and in all Rs. 9,11,378.70 was recovered. The said money was kept in the envelops and on the envelops the words “DDC”, “Director, DRDA” and “the Chairman, Bihar Board” were written. The accused, Bachaneshwar Jha and Prabhakar Lal Das, who was posted in the said office as Najir failed to give proper explanation for retention of such amount of money in different envelops or pockets. Therefore, the money with envelops were seized by the Officer, heading the raiding party, under proper seizure list, as the money received by illegal gratification. Accused, Bachaneshwar Jha was arrested and on 4th of February, 2006. His statement under Section 164 of the Cr.P.C. was recorded by the Jurisdictional Magistrate. On the same day, the present Petitioners in both the revisions were arrested on the basis of the statement of accused Bachaneshwar Jha. Though the Petitioners were not named in the FIR. Official residences of both the Petitioners were searched at Supaul. The Investigating Officer verified the bank accounts of the Petitioners but there was no evidence of disproportionate asset to their known sources of income found by the Investigating Officers. In spite of having no evidence against
Pakala Narayana Swami vs. AIR 1939 PC 47
Dr. Jitendra Gupta vs. State of Bihar through Vigilance Investigation Bureau, Patna
Kashmira Singh vs. State of Madhya Pradesh
Central Bureau of Investigation vs. V.C. Shukla
Damodaran Nair vs. Government of India
Dipakbhai Jagdishbhai Patel vs. State of Gujart
State of Tamil Nadu vs. R. Soundirarasu
Surinder Kumar Khanna vs. Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
The court ruled that charges framed against an accused must have sufficient evidence of demand and acceptance to uphold prosecutorial validity; otherwise, it constitutes an infringement of fundamenta....
At the charge framing stage, prima facie evidence must substantiate serious suspicion; the trial court is not to weigh evidence but must proceed based on materials presented by the prosecution.
The power of the judge to sift and weigh the evidence for finding a prima facie case against the accused and the presumption of the alleged offence against the accused are crucial legal principles es....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that defects in the framing of charges can be considered as a mere irregularity and can be cured by the trial court, as long as no prejudice has be....
A mere recovery of currency notes is insufficient to establish bribery charges under the Prevention of Corruption Act without proven demand; the court evaluates only whether a prima facie case exists....
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