IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
ASHUTOSH KUMAR and RAJESH KUMAR VERMA, JJ.
Criminal Appeal (DB) Nos. 302 and 942 of 2022
(14.11.2024)
Tulsi Mandal (in 302)
Sitara Khatun (in 942) ... Appellants
vs.
State of Bihar ... Respondent
(in both)
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 364/34, 302/34 and 201/34 – Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 27 – Kidnapping, murder and disappearance of evidence – Common intention – Life sentence – Recovery was not by Police at instance of appellant – Such recovery would not be admissible under Section 27 of Evidence Act – It is not known as to how such recovery was made – Extra-judicial confession is not recorded anywhere and the fact forms part of prosecution case only through mouth of witnesses – Mother of deceased has not been examined – Court has reservation about motive of appellants to kill deceased – A five year old boy would not be able to understand any relationship between two strangers and even if he does, he would not be able to communicate it to anybody so as to get a bad name in public – Medical evidence is inconclusive in many aspects – Prosecution has not been able to prove case to any extent whatsoever, much less beyond any reasonable doubts – Judgment of conviction and order of sentence set aside – Appeals allowed. (Paras 10, 12, 14, 26, 30, 32, 33 and 35)
Ashutosh Kumar, J.—Both the appeals have been heard together and are being disposed of by this common judgment.
2. We have heard Shri N.K. Agarwal, the learned Senior Advocate for the appellant / Tulsi Mandal and Mr. Md. Mumtazuddin, the learned Advocate for the appellant /Sitara Khatun. The State in both the appeals has been represented by Mr. Bipin Kumar, the learned APP.
3. Both the appellants have been convicted for the offence under Sections 364/34, 302/34 and 201/34 of the Indian Penal Code by judgment dated 23.02.2022 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge -III, Purnea in Sessions Trial No. 62/2017 /Sessions Trial No. 157/2017 /CIS No. 62/2017. By order dated 25.02.2022, they have been sentenced to undergo R.I. for ten years, to pay a fine of Rs. 25,000/- for the offence under Section 364/34 IPC; R.I. for life, to pay a fine of Rs. 25,000/- for the offence under Section 302/34 IPC and R.I for three years along with a fine of Rs. 25,000/- for the offence under Section 201/34 IPC. The sentences were ordered to run concurrently.
4. One Sajid, five years old, became traceless and after twelve days, his dead body was recovered from under a banana tree covered with banana leaf.
5. A peculiar F.I.R was lodged by father of Sajid (deceased), namely, Amrul (PW7) who alleged in his written report lodged on 14.09.2016 that his son (deceased) had become traceless since 03.09.2016. At that time, he was residing at Delhi. An information was provided to Bhawanipur Police Station about the missing of his son. On further enquiry in his village home, he learnt that Sitara Khatoon, one of the appellants and a close relative was behind the kidnapping. When pressure was mounted on the aforenoted Sitara Khatoon, she admitted her guilt and disclosed before the villagers that since the deceased had seen her and the appellant / Tulsi Mandal in a compromising position sometimes in the past, therefore, the deceased was kidnapped, killed and buried in the field under a banana tree. At the instance of appellant / Sitara Khatun, the dead body in the shape of a collection of skeleton was recovered. A wearing apparel also was recovered from the site. He, therefore, was sanguine that the appellants, because of their immoral activities, had killed the deceased who had witnessed their association in the past.
6. Based on the afore-noted written report, a case vide Bhawanipur P.S. Case No. 163 of 2016 dated 14.09.2016 was registered for investigation for the offence under Section 364, 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC.
7. The F.I.R reveals that the information regarding the occurrence was received in the police station on 14.09.2016 at about 10.15 A.M. The F.I.R was registered at 3.30 P.M. Before the F.I.R. was registered, the dead body (skeleton) is said to have been recovered.
8. A look at the inquest report would make it very obvious that the recovery was sometimes around 11.45 A.M. on 14.09.2016. It was only skeleton without even a shred of muscle or anything which would have made the identification of the skeleton to be of the deceased any easy task. The inquest was prepared by the police officer and countersigned by Tabrez Alam (PW10) and Khurshid Alam (PW11).
9. The investigator of this case, namely, Amrendra Kumar Amar (PW12) has deposed before the Trial Court that after the F.I.R. was received in the police station, the investigation was taken up by him. He thereafter reached the place of occurrence where he found the skeleton of the dead body of a child which had earlier been discovered by the informant and his associates. The place where the recovery was made was the field of one Gopal Prasad Singh, who has not been examined at the trial. In presence of witnesses, the skeleton was seized. Even the skeleton was not in one piece; rather the legs and the hands were disjointed. The head was only in the form of a skull. Such recovery was penned down and marked as Ext- 5.
10. We have taken reference of all this only for the reason of satisfying ourselves tha
The main legal point established in the judgment is the significance of a complete chain of circumstances in establishing guilt in a case based on circumstantial evidence, and the limitations of moti....
The judgment emphasizes the importance of credible evidence and the burden of proof on the prosecution in criminal cases.
The court emphasized that for a conviction based on circumstantial evidence, a complete chain of circumstances must be established, excluding all reasonable hypotheses of innocence.
Conviction under IPC Sections 364A and 302 was overturned due to lack of direct evidence linking the appellant to the crimes, highlighting the necessity of corroborating evidence in circumstantial ca....
The prosecution must establish a complete chain of circumstantial evidence beyond reasonable doubt; inconsistencies in witness testimony and doubts over evidence credibility can lead to acquittal.
The prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt; mere suspicion or prior enmity is insufficient for conviction.
The conviction under circumstantial evidence requires that all circumstances must form a complete, logical chain tying the accused to the crime beyond reasonable doubt.
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