IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
SANDEEP KUMAR, J.
Criminal Appeal (SJ) No. 479 of 2019
(26.11.2024)
Anup Kumar ... Appellant
vs.
State of Bihar ... Respondent
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 498A, 304B and 201 [Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 – Sections 85, 80 and 238] – Indian Evidence Act, 1872 – Section 113B [Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 – Section 118] – Cruelty, dowry death and disappearance of evidence – Conviction and sentence – There is no mention of any exchange of dowry between parties at the time of marriage – Consistent evidence of witnesses is that dead-body of deceased was thrown in river which was never recovered – Deceased was married to appellant in a dowry less marriage – Prior to disappearance of deceased, no police case in respect of harassment of deceased for any reason whatsoever has been filed – There is no evidence of demand of dowry before or after marriage and there is no evidence that deceased was physically assaulted by appellant or others for demand of dowry or cash – Delay in sending F.I.R. to Magistrate Court concerned is also fatal to prosecution case – Though death of deceased is under abnormal circumstances and corpus delicti has not been recovered but except for that prosecution has not been able to prove torture of deceased for demand of dowry, unnatural death of deceased and soon before her death that she was subjected to cruelty, assault etc., for demand of dowry – As ingredients for dowry death remain unproved, presumption under Section 113-B of Evidence Act is not applicable – Essential ingredients of dowry death should be proved by prosecution and it is burden on prosecution to prove dowry death then only presumption under Section 113-B of Evidence Act arises – Mere unnatural death of deceased within seven years of marriage in her matrimonial home is not sufficient to convict accused under Sections 304(B) and 498A of IPC – From evidence it appears that deceased has died in her matrimonial home and her dead-body was disposed of by accused persons – Though appellant is not convicted under Sections 498(A) and Section 304(B) but his conviction under Section 201 has been proved beyond reasonable doubt – Conviction and sentence of appellant under Section 201 of IPC upheld – Appeal allowed. (Paras 18, 24 to 30)
Sandeep Kumar, J.—Heard the learned counsel for the appellant and the learned APP for the State.
2. This is an appeal against the order and judgment of conviction dated 29.11.2018 and order of sentence dated 30.11.2018 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge-VI, Ara, Bhojpur in Sessions Trial No. 334/2013 by which the appellant has been convicted under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two years and also to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/- and in default of which further undergo rigorous imprisonment for 15 days and further conviction for offence punishable under Section 304(B) of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment of seven years and further conviction for offence punishable under Section 201 of the Indian Penal Code and was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment of one year and also pay fine of Rs. 500/- and in default of which further undergo R.I. for 5 days.
3. The prosecution case in brief is that the marriage of the daughter of the informant namely, Prity Devi was solemnized with Anup Kumar (appellant) in the year 2007. After the marriage, she was enjoying her conjugal life but after some time all the accused persons including the appellant started demanding motorcycle and gold chain and upon non-fulfillment of demand of dowry, accused persons used to assault and torture the daughter of the informant physically and mentally. In the meantime, his daughter shifted to Gujarat with his son-in-law from where she came back to her home in September 2011. On 08.10.2011, the informant came to know from his nephew namely Ashok Kumar by telephone that all the accused persons including this appellant have murdered his daughter and have thrown her dead body in the Sone river with the help of the villagers.
4. On the basis of the written report of the informant Ram Pukar Prasad, Koilwar P.S. Case No.153 of 2011 dated 8.10.2011 was registered for the offence under sections 498-A, 304-B, 120-B, 201 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code and 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act against seven accused persons including the present appellant and on completion of investigation, the police submitted charge-sheet against the appellant and others bearing charge-sheet No.225/2011 dated 05.12.2011. On the statement of witnesses recorded under section 161(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ara took cognizance of the offences punishable under Section 498-A, 304-B, 120-B, 201 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code and section 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act vide order dated 23.01.2012 and the case was committed to the court of Sessions and assigned to Additional Sessions Judge VI, Bhojpur, Ara and charges were framed against the appellant and other two accused.
5. P.W-1 is one Ashok Kumar who claims that the deceased Prity Devi was his cousin (mameri) sister. He has said that after marriage, the deceased stayed in her matrimonial home for 2–3 years but after that she was being tortured by Anup Kumar(appellant), Lal Muni Devi and Kundan Kumar for demand of motorcycle and gold chain. Thereafter, the appellant Anup Kumar took Prity Devi (deceased) to Gujarat. He says that the deceased was killed by the accused persons and her dead-body was kept in a gunny bag and the same was thrown in the Sone river and he had informed his uncle (mama) about the death of Prity Devi hearing which the informant came there and lodged the F.I.R. In his cross-examination, he has said that Anup Kumar after 3-4 years of marriage, has gone to do a job and after one year of getting the job, he took Prity Devi to Gujarat and there they stayed for one year. In between, they used to visit the village also. I used to meet Prity Devi when she was visiting her village and during her visit, she used to visit her parental home also. He further says that Prity Devi had stayed in Gujarat for 6-7 months with her husband and he did not talk to her during that period and after her r
The prosecution must establish all ingredients of Section 304B IPC, including demand for dowry soon before death, to invoke presumption of guilt under Section 113B of the Evidence Act.
Dowry death – Mere death of deceased being unnatural in matrimonial home within seven years of marriage will not be sufficient to convict accused under Section 304B and 498A of IPC.
The court affirmed conviction for dowry death, highlighting evidentiary requirements under IPC and the presumption of guilt upon failure to rebut accusations.
Conviction upheld - Dowry death - there was persistent demand of dowry made by accused from the victim who was used to subjected to cruelty and harassment for such demand and ultimately she had ended....
The Court will be failing in its duty if appropriate punishment is not awarded for a crime which has been committed not only against the individual victim but also against the society to which the cr....
In dowry death cases, prosecution must prove unnatural death within seven years of marriage with cruelty/harassment soon before by husband/relatives linked to dowry demand to raise rebuttable presump....
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