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2025 Supreme(Pat) 1594

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Alok Kumar Pandey, J.
Satrughan Jha, son of Jogendra Jha - Appellant
Versus
State of Bihar - Respondent
Criminal Appeal (SJ) No.697 of 2004
Decided On : 06-12-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Ms. Pooja Prasad, Amicus Curiae
For the Respondent: Mr. Ramchandra Singh, APP

Prosecution must conclusively prove the victim's age and the accused's wrongful conduct to establish kidnapping or abduction under IPC sections 363 and 366.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 363 and 366 - Appeal against conviction for kidnapping and abduction - Conviction set aside due to failure of prosecution to prove victim's age and lack of evidence showing any wrongful act by the accused. (Paras 6, 30, 35)

(B) Burden of Proof - Prosecution must prove age of victim and conduct of accused beyond reasonable doubt, which was not established in this case. (Paras 24, 34)

(C) Voluntariness - Testimony established that alleged victim had left with the accused voluntarily, negating claims of abduction and kidnapping. (Paras 19, 33)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted for kidnapping and abduction based on allegations from the victim’s father, claiming the victim was taken unlawfully at a young age. The prosecution relied on witness accounts, but inconsistencies regarding the victim's age and consent were present.

Findings of Court:
The trial court's conviction was based on inadequate proof of the victim's age and failed to address contradictory testimony.

Issues: Key issues included the determination of the victim's age and whether the prosecution proved the allegations of kidnapping.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the prosecution did not meet the burden of proof to substantiate the charges. Statements indicated the victim left of her own volition at an older age than claimed.

Result: Appeal allowed; conviction and sentence set aside.

Table of Content
1. appointment of amicus curiae. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. overview of conviction and charges against the appellant. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. arguments presented by the defense and prosecution. (Para 12 , 13)
4. legal standard of proof for prosecution. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
5. credibility and consistency of witness statements. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
6. importance of examining the investigating officer. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)
7. minority age determination is crucial for prosecution. (Para 29 , 30)
8. court's conclusion on evidence insufficiency and errors in lower court's decision. (Para 34 , 35)
9. final order and directions. (Para 36 , 37 , 38)

JUDGMENT :

Alok Kumar Pandey, J.

None appears on behalf of the appellant. The present matter is pending consideration for near about 21 years.

2. It has been requested and Ms. Pooja Prasad (E No.1441/22D/1634/2019), learned counsel, has shown her willingness to assist as Amicus Curiae in the present matter.

3. Accordingly, learned counsel Ms. Pooja Prasad (E No.1441/22D/1634/2019) has been appointed as Amicus Curiae in the present matter.

4. Heard learned Amicus Curiae appearing for the appellant and learned A.P.P. for the State.

5. The name of informant and victim have not been disclosed in the present judgment to protect the prestige and dignity of the victim.

6. The present appeal has been directed against the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 23.09.2004 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court No.5, Motihari in S.Tr. No. 189/1988 and 12/2002 whereby and whereunder appellant has been convicted for the offence punishable under Sections 363 and 366 of the Indian Penal Code and he has been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years and a fine of Rs. 2000/- (two thousand) each and in default of payment of fine, appellant has to undergo a further rigorous imprisonment of six months. All the sentences have been directed to run concurrently.

7. As per prosecution case, the informant gave a fardbayan before the Raxaul GRP on 02.01.1984 at about 1:00 P.M. is that when his daughter X having given food to him went to other room where his younger daughter, aged about 2 years, was sleeping. When he finished his meal, he heard the sound of weeping of his younger daughter Meera. He went there and found that the room was locked. He opened the room with the help of stone and found that a big wooden box was stolen away and his daughter X was traceless. On enquiry, he came to know that Satrughan Jha, Jagendra Kapar and Yogendra Sah had kidnapped his daughter and had also stolen away his wooden box in which the following articles were kept i.e. clothes, jewellery, other domestic items and cash. The informant rushed to Raxaul Station, making search where he found Satrughan Jha and Yogendra Kapar with his daughter and caught them. It is further alleged that the stolen watch was in hand of accused Satrughan Jha. After that the Raxaul G.R.P. arrested the accused Satrughan Jha and lodged the F.I.R.

8. On the basis of fardbeyan given by the informant, Raxaul G.R. P.S. Case No.1/84 was registered for the offence punishable under Sections 366 /379/411/34 of the Indian Penal Code . Charge-sheet has been submitted against the appellant and another under Sections 363 , 364, 366 and 379 of the I.P.C. and cognizance was also taken under aforesaid Sections and the case committed to court of learned Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court No.5, Motihari for trial and disposal. On 08.04.2002 charges were framed against the appellant under Sections 363 , 366 and 379 I.P.C. Charges were read over and explained to the accused person to which he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

9. In order to bring home guilt of accused person, prosecution has examined all together two witnesses as P.W. 1- Y (informant) / father of the victim and P.W. 2- X (victim).

10. Defence of the appellant as gathered from the line of cross-examination of prosecution witnesses as well as fro

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