( 1 ) THE petitioner in this case challenges the validity of the City Civil Court Act, being West Bengal Act XXI of 1953, which was passed by the West Bengal Legislature and has received the assent of the President, such assent being published in the Calcutta Gazette, Extraordinary, dated the 1st September 1953. It is stated to be an Act to establish an additional Civil Court for the City of Calcutta. It is to be called the City Civil Court Act, 1953, and was to come into force on such date as the State Government might by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. For the purposes of this application the following provisions of the Act are important:---"3. (1 ). The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, establish a Civil Court to be called the City Civil Court. (2 ). The City Civil Court shall be deemed to be a Court subordinate to and subject to the superintendence o the High Court within the meaning of the Letters Patent for the High Court and of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. 4. (1 ). There shall be appointed a Chief Judge of the City Civil Court and as many other Judges of that Court as the State Government thinks fit. (2 ). Each of