SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

2023 Supreme(Cal) 1627

IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
TAPABRATA CHAKRABORTY, PARTHA SARATHI CHATTERJEE, JJ.
Manjula Ghosh and Another – Appellants
Versus
Anjan Ghosh and Another – Respondents
F.A. No. 72 of 2018
Decided On : 03-03-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellants : A.C. Kar, Sarmila Das
For the Respondents: Javed K. Sanwarwala, Farah Anjum, Shariq A. Sanwarwala

Headnote:(A) Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Section 276 - Grant of Probate - Appeals from judgment granting probate of a purported Will - Appellants challenged validity on grounds of absence of attesting witness testimony and alleged undue influence - Court emphasized the presumption of legitimacy of a holograph Will and need for corroborative evidence against allegations of fraud or coercion. (Paras 8, 9, 20, 22)

(B) Probate Proceedings - Standard of proof - The burden of proof lies on those challenging the Will to demonstrate any suspicious circumstances or lack of soundness in mind of testator; any documentary evidence or expert opinion is merely supplementary and not conclusive. (Paras 6, 23)

(C) Judicial Considerations - The court noted that the presence of contradictions in witness statements does not automatically invalidate evidence if the core issues are supported by enough credible testimony. (Paras 14, 15)

Facts of the case:
Anjan Ghosh applied for probate of a holograph Will executed by Arabinda Ghosh, which was contested by his daughters alleging it to be fraudulent, claiming their father was not of sound mind and that the Will's execution was not legitimate. The trial court upheld its validity based on evidence from witnesses.

Findings of Court:
The probate was granted based on the absence of cogent evidence to challenge the legitimacy of the Will or the credibility of the witnesses demonstrating it.

Issues: The main issues included the authenticity of the testator's signature, the mental state at the time of writing the Will, and the legitimacy of alleged objections by the daughters.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court reaffirmed that a holograph Will carries a presumption of validity, and that the burden lies on the challengers to dispel this presumption with credible evidence, which was not demonstrated here.

Result: Appeal dismissed; the judgment of the lower court was affirmed.

Table of Content
1. probate granted based on a will's validity. (Para 1 , 2)
2. appeal against probate highlights procedural errors. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. requirements for proving a will outlined. (Para 8 , 9)
4. definition of suspicious circumstances in wills. (Para 10 , 11)
5. witness credibility and evidence reliability assessed. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
6. contentions regarding undue influence need evidence. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
7. court discretion in evidence related to handwriting. (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
8. holograph will executed without suspicion affirmed. (Para 22)
9. appeal dismissed; judgment affirmed. (Para 23 , 24 , 25)

JUDGMENT :

PARTHA SARATHI CHATTERJEE, J.

1. Judgment dated 19.04.2017 passed by the learned Additional District Judge, 3rd Court, North 24 Parganas, Barasat in O.S. No. 32 of 2006, whereby direction was given to grant probate in respect of the last Will and testament executed by the testator on 12.05.1986, has been called in question in the present appeal.

2. Facts giving rise to this appeal, in brief, are follows:

    (i) One Anjan Ghosh (in short, Anjan) filed an application under Section 276 of Indian Succession Act, 1925 (in short, Act of 1925) before the District Delegate, Barasat, which was registered as case no. 314 of 2004, inter alia, contending that Arabinda Ghosh, who died on 20.05.2002, having his permanent place of abode at Napara Kalibari Road, Barasat, North 24 Parganas executed his last Will and testament on 12.05.1986.

    (ii) It was claimed that in the Will, which was a hologragh Will, Anjan Ghosh was appointed as the sole executor and testator died leaving behind two sons including the propounder and one Ranjan Ghosh and two daughters namely, Manjula Ghosh and Ramala Das.

    (iii) It was alleged therein that the Will was duly executed and attested and at the time of execution of the Will, testator was of sound and disposing state of mind and hence, the Will was fit to be probated.

    (iv) On receipt of citation, daughters of the testator (hereinafter referred to as the appellants) impeached the Will by filing joint written objection and the proceeding became contentious in consequence and the same was referred to the Court of learned District Judge wherein it was renumbered as O.C. Case No. 32 of 2006.

    (v) Crux of the defence taken in the written objection is that Will was collusive, fraudulent and manufactured and testator had never executed such Will and the signatures appearing on the alleged Will were not of the testators and attesting witnesses were the yes-men of the propounder and at the time of execution of the alleged Will, testator was old and hence, he was not physically fit and mentally alert and the testator did not execute the Will voluntarily and amounts lying in the name of their mother in the bank and post office, MIS have been included in the schedule of the Will and lastly, it was claimed that propounder is not entitled to get probate in respect of the alleged Will.

    (vi) Record reveals that in corroboration of the facts depicted in the application for grant of probate, propounder adduced oral testimonies of two witnesses including one attesting witness, namely, Kanai Kar and himself who were examined as PW-1 and PW-2 respectively and on the other hand, to resist the grant of probate, both the daughters of the testator deposed and were examined as DW-1 and DW-2.

    (vii) PW-1 proved the Will, marked as Ext.-1 whereas the respondents tendered one book, cover page of which was marked as Ext.-A and testator’s signature appearing thereon was marked as Ext.-A/1 on admission.

    (viii) After closure of the evidence and after the case was fixed for argument, appellants had filed an application for comparison of the signatures appearing on the cover page of that book with the signatures of the testator appearing on the Will but the learned Court below by passing an order dated 10.05.2016 decided to hear the application at the time of argument of the case. Order dated 10.05.2016 has not been assailed in any higher f

Click Here to Read the rest of this document
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top