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2025 Supreme(Chh) 231

HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
Parth Prateem Sahu, J.
Professional Institute of Engineering And Technology Situated - Appellant
Versus
Murtaza S/o Abdul Kayyum Jiya - Respondent
FA No. 508 of 2019
Decided On : 23-12-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Raza Ali, Advocate
For the Respondent:Mr. Rohitasva Singh, Advocate

The court ruled that the plaintiff failed to prove the jural relationship and actual supply of goods, resulting in no entitlement for recovery of the claimed amount.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 96 - Recovery of amount - Plaintiff claimed Rs.1,85,977/- for the supply of goods, alleging non-payment by defendants - Trial Court decreed the suit, but appeal was allowed. (Paras 1-2, 29)

(B) Burden of Proof - It lies on the plaintiff to provide proof of the jural relationship between parties and the order placed by the defendants. (Paras 20, 27)

(C) Standard of Proof - The plaintiff failed to meet the standard of preponderance of probabilities in proving supply of goods and establishing the foundational jural relationship. (Paras 27)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff sought recovery for supply of goods but defendants denied the order placement and receipt of goods. Defendant No.6 admitted the claim but did not testify, resulting in credibility issues for the plaintiff. (Paras 2-4)

Findings of Court:
The appeal was allowed as the plaintiff failed to provide concrete evidence proving an order or supply of goods, necessitating dismissal of the suit. (Paras 28-29)

Issues: Whether the defendants placed an order for goods supplied and the validity of the trial court's decree. (Paras 6, 29)

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the plaintiff did not provide sufficient evidence to establish a contractual relationship or actual supply of goods, thereby failing to prove his claim. (Paras 27-28)

Result: Appeal allowed; trial court's judgment and decree set aside; suit dismissed.

Table of Content
1. background of contractual relationship and dispute (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. arguments by appellant and respondent (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
3. evidence provided by the plaintiff (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
4. analysis of evidence presented (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
5. court's reasoning on burden of proof (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
6. preponderance of probabilities in civil cases (Para 24 , 25 , 26)
7. failure of claimant to prove case (Para 27 , 28)
8. final decision and dismissal of suit (Para 29 , 30)

ORDER :

Parth Prateem Sahu, J.

1. Appellants have preferred this first appeal under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 challenging legality and validity of the judgment and decree dated 14.8.2019 passed in Civil Suit No.293B/2014 by which learned 8th Additional District Judge, Raipur has decreed the suit filed by plaintiff /respondent No.1.

2. Facts relevant for disposal of this appeal, in brief, are that plaintiff/respondent No.1, proprietor of Universal Hardware Paint & Electrical, Raipur, filed a civil suit for recovery of an amount of Rs.1,85,977/- from defendants pleading therein that defendant No.6 with the consent of defendants No.1 to 5 had approached the plaintiff and placed order for paint and other goods for its supply. Details of the order placed for supply of goods is pleaded by plaintiff in Para-4 of plaint. It is also pleaded that plaintiff has supplied other goods also, date and amount of goods supplied is mentioned in Para-5 of plaint. After receipt of goods, defendants have not paid the value of goods and amount as mentioned in bill. Plaintiff thereafter sent legal notice through his advocate to defendants and upon which they have orally requested for some time to make payment and when payment of bill was not made, the suit was filed for recovery of total sum of Rs.1,85,977/-.

3. Defendant No.6 filed written statement to suit admitting claim as mentioned in the plaint.

4. Defendants No.1 to 4 also filed written statement denying the pleadings made in the plaint. They have denied the fact of issuing any direction to defendant No.6 or authorizing him for placing order of supply of any kind of good. Supply of any good to defendant No.1 to 4 by the plaintiff has also been denied in specific terms. It is also categorically denied that plaintiff ever supplied goods to college of defendants No.1 to 4 situated in village Murra of the value of Rs.1,77,600/- and goods valuing Rs.16,127/- at their office situated in Raipur and prayed for dismissal of suit.

5. Defendant No.5 was proceeded ex-parte.

6. Learned trial Court based on pleadings of respective parties has formulated as many as seven issues for consideration and upon considering pleadings and evidence, oral and documentary, brought on record by respective parties, decreed the suit of plaintiff by impugned judgment and decree, which is put to challenge in this appeal.

7. Learned counsel for appellants would submit that judgment and decree passed by learned trial Court is perverse. He contended that respondents No.1 to 4 have not directed respondent No.6or authorized him for placing order to purchase goods. It is further contended that plaintiff failed to prove placement of order by defendant No.6 or in consequence had supplied goods as ordered by defendant No.6. No document is placed before learned trial Court to prove the same. It is also contention of learned counsel for appellants that defendant No.6 at no point of time was appointed/deputed on any post in appellant institute. Learned trial Court has overlooked evidence of plaintiff wherein he admitted that he has not maintained any record like ledger book to show supply of material to appellant institute. Defendant No.6 has not entered into witness box to prove his pleadings and therefore written statement stated to be submitted on behalf of defendant No.6 and facts pleaded therein remain unproved. Appellants have not placed any order of supply of goods nor the goods have been received in th

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