IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Rajnish Bhatnagar, J.
Summy Bhasin - Appellant
Versus
State NCT Of Delhi & Anr. - Respondents
Crl M C No. 212 of 2021; Crl M A No. 1084 of 2021
Decided On : 10-03-2021
N.I. Act - Criminal Liability - S. 138 - S. 482 Cr.P.C. - [N.I. Act] - [Criminal Liability] - [S. 138] - [Summary of Acts and Sections: The judgment discusses the provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act, particularly S. 138, and the procedural aspects under Cr.P.C. The court emphasizes the technical nature of the offence under S. 138, the burden of proof on the accused, and the summary trial provisions under the N.I. Act. It also highlights the limitations of the High Court's jurisdiction under S. 482 Cr.P.C. in delving into disputed questions of facts and the need for trial to adjudicate on defenses and allegations.]
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner, accused No. 4, sought to quash the complaint filed against her under S. 138 of the N.I. Act, contending that she had no role in the offence. The complaint alleged that she, as the Head of Finance and Banking, was responsible for the company's financial affairs and aware of the bounced cheques.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the defense raised by the petitioner required evidence and could not be adjudged in the proceedings under S. 482 of Cr.P.C. It emphasized that the trial court should consider and deal with the contentions and defense of the petitioner in accordance with the law.
Issues: The issues involved disputed questions of facts and law, which could only be decided at trial. The court highlighted the technical nature of the offence under S. 138, the burden of proof on the accused, and the limitations of the High Court's jurisdiction under S. 482 Cr.P.C.
Ratio Decidendi: The judgment emphasized the need for trial to bring out the truth and arrive at a just and fair decision. It highlighted the technical nature of the offence under S. 138, the burden of proof on the accused, and the summary trial provisions under the N.I. Act.
Final Decision: The petition was dismissed, and the court held that the proceedings pending before the trial court had no flaw or infirmity. The trial court was directed to consider and deal with the contentions and defense of the petitioner in accordance with the law.
JUDGMENT
Rajnish Bhatnagar, J. - The present petition U/s 482 Cr.P.C. has been filed by the petitioner with the following prayers:
"It is therefore most respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court be pleased to set aside the impugned order dated 16.12.2020 passed in Revision Petition No. 96/2020, by the learned District and Sessions Judge, West District, Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi, and quash the complaint filed by the Respondent no.2, being CC No. 7398/19, pending before the Metropolitan Magistrate, West District, Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi."
2. The facts of the case are that in January-2009, accused No2 Guneet Bhasin. accused No. 3 Sumit Bhasin and accused No.4 Smt. Summy Bhasin (Petitioner herein) approached Respondent No 2/Complainant and allured him into investing Rs 50 lacs in their company with the assurance that same would be doubled in five years and relying on such assurances, he invested his lifetime savings with them; and in March-2014 the accused persons failed to return the principal amount with interest being total of Rs 1 Crore but then he was further inducted to invest Rs 20 lacs more with the promise to return Rs. 2 crores on or before March-2019 and that MoU dated 26.07.2018 was executed, whereby accused persons undertook to pay the complainant a sum of Rs.47,53,519/- and a cheque was also issued; and that later MoU dated 05.05.2019 was executed and it was promised that the complainant would be made a partner in the business and receipt of Rs. 50 lacs as principal amount was retained with the promise that it would be safe and secure with them and it would become Rs. 2 crores in 2019: and that on 18.02.2019 another Promissory Note was issued by accused No.2/ Guneet Bhasin in favour of the complainant and his wife acknowledging liability to pay an amount of Rs. 2,47,53,000/- payable to the complainant and his wife on or before 30.06.2019.
3. On 16.07.2019 nine cheques were issued in the tune of Rs. 73,00,000/-. The said cheques on presentation were dishonored, and while cheque at Sr No. 1 was dishonored for the reasons "account closed", the bank returning memos in respect of other cheques from Sr. Nos. 2 to 9 came with the remarks "kindly contact drawer".
4. On receipt of such returning memos dated 17.07.2019, Respondent No 2 served a legal notice dated 12.08.2019 upon the accused persons, which were duly served upon them and even replied through their counsel vide reply dated 27.08.2019, but since no payment was made under the cheque, the complaint was filed on 19.9.2019 by respondent no 2/Complainant.
5. The Petitioner has assailed the Order dated 04.10.2019 vide which she was summoned by the Ld. MM for offences U/s 138 of the N.I. Act The Petitioner has approached this Hon'ble Court already having availed opportunity under S. 397 Cr.P.C. wherein the Ld. District and Sessions Judge, District West - Tis Harari Courts has dismissed the Revision petition vide Order dated 16.12.2020 The Petitioner seeks quashing of the present proceedings inter-alia on grounds that neither she is a Director nor she has signed the cheques in question nor she ever participated in any of meetings or negotiations with the complainant with regard to the transactions in question nor she ever executed any document with regard thereto, hence she has no role in the offence.
6. It is vehemently urged by the counsel of the petitioner that there are no allegations against the petitioner as to what role she played in the issuance of cheque and there is no clear averment that she was in charge or responsible for the day to day affairs of the company, It was further submitted that summoning order has far reaching consequences and the impugned order suffers from complete non-application of mind. In his submissions, learned counsel has place reliance upon:
a. Sudeep Jain vs. ECE Industries, (2013) 201 DLT 461
b. National Small Industries Corporation Ltd. vs. Harmeet Singh Paintal & Anr, (2010) 3 SCC 330
c. Sunil Bharti Mittal versus CBI, (2015) 4 SCC 609
A. R. Radha Krishna vs. Dasari Deepthi & Ors.
Mandvi Co Op Bank Ltd vs. Nimesh B. Thakore
Milind Shripad Chandurkar vs. Kalim M. Khan & Anr.
National Small Industries Corporation Ltd. vs. Harmeet Singh Paintal & Anr
if the accused appears after service of summons, the learned Metropolitan Magistrate shall ask him to furnish bail bond to ensure his appearance during trial and ask him to take notice under Section ....
The technical nature of the offence under Section 138 of the N.I. act, the inbuilt defences available to the accused, and the summary trial procedure were central legal principles established in the ....
The accused has the responsibility of spelling out their defense to the court and proving it.
The High Court cannot quash a Section 138 complaint based on defenses that require factual evidence; such defenses must be raised during the trial process.
For maintaining a prosecution under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, arraigning of the company as an accused is imperative. The person in charge of the company cannot be held liable if ....
(1) Dishonour of cheque – A post-dated cheque issued after debt has been incurred would be covered by definition of ‘debt’ – However, if sum payable depends on a contingent event, then it takes colou....
A PRESUMPTION THAT A CHEQUE PERTAINS TO A LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE DEBT OR LIABILITY ARISES WHEN THE SIGNATURE ON THE CHEQUE IS ADMITTED, BUT THIS PRESUMPTION IS REBUTTABLE AND THE BURDEN OF PROOF LIES ON....
A person who is not a signatory to the cheque cannot be prosecuted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, for the offence of dishonour of cheque for insufficiency of funds.
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