IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Subramonium Prasad, J.
State Govt Of Nct Of Delhi - Appellant
Versus
Nizamuddin @ Nizam - Respondent
Criminal Revision Petition No. 276 of 2018; Criminal Miscellaneous Appeal No. 5747 of 2018
Decided On : 28-01-2021
Call Detail Records - Interference in Investigation - Section 91 CrPC, Attar Singh v. State, Narcotics Control Bureau v. Gaurav Kumar, Suresh Kumar Vs. Union of India, Suresh Kalmadi Vs. CBI - The court discussed the power of the court under Section 91 CrPC to call for call records of the Investigating Officer and the raiding team. It highlighted the limitations on the disclosure of call records and the need to protect the privacy of individuals involved in the investigation. The court emphasized that the accused is entitled only to the call details of the Investigating Officer and the raiding team for the purpose of the case, and the order should be restricted to the call details of the Investigating Officer for the present case only. It also noted that the details of the call records of the secret informer cannot be revealed as it may jeopardize the informer's life.
Fact of the Case:
The State challenged the order directing the Investigating Officer to procure call detail records and location via mobile towers of all members of the raiding team and the secret informer, as well as the mobile phone of the accused from the malkhana, citing interference in the investigation process and privacy concerns.
Finding of the Court:
The court modified the order to restrict the production of call detail records and location via mobile tower to the members of the raiding team, Investigating Officer, and the mobile phone of the accused from malkhana, emphasizing that it would not cause any prejudice to the investigation at the current stage.
Issues: Interference in the investigation process, entitlement of the accused to call records, privacy concerns, and limitations on the disclosure of call records.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the limitations on the disclosure of call records and the need to protect the privacy of individuals involved in the investigation. It highlighted that the accused is entitled only to the call details of the Investigating Officer and the raiding team for the purpose of the case, and the order should be restricted to the call details of the Investigating Officer for the present case only.
Final Decision: The revision petition was disposed of accordingly, modifying the order to restrict the production of call detail records and location via mobile tower to the members of the raiding team, Investigating Officer, and the mobile phone of the accused from malkhana.
JUDGMENT
Subramonium Prasad, J. - This revision petition has been filed by the State challenging the order dated 04.12.2017 whereunder, the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Karkardooma Courts, Delhi has directed the Investigating Officer to procure the call detail records and location via mobile towers of all members of the raiding team and also of the secret informer and himself. The Investigating Officer was also directed to procure the mobile phone of the accused from the malkhana.
2. It is the contention of the State that the trial court has failed to appreciate that the said order amounts to interference in the investigation process and the accused does not have any right to have the information about how the investigation is progressing as the accused is not entitled to call records. It is also submitted by the State that the documents sought to be produced have not been a part of the charge-sheet and details of the personal information of the Investigating Officer of the case would amount to the intrusion on the privacy of the Investigating Officer. It is also stated that apart from information regarding this case, details of other cases would also be there in the mobile of the Investigating Officer which the accused is not entitled to see.
3. Heard Ms. Kusum Dhalla, learned APP appearing for the State and Mr. Sumer Kumar Sethi, learned counsel for the respondent.
4. Under Section 91 CrPC, whenever any court considers production of any document or any other thing necessary or desirable for the purpose of investigation, inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Code, then the court can issue summons to the person, in whose possession such document or thing is believed to be, requiring him to produce it in the court.
5. The power of the Magistrate under Section 91 CrPC to call for the call records of the Investigating Officer has been discussed in Attar Singh v. State (NCT of Delhi),2016 SCCOnLineDel 3907 wherein this Court upheld the order of the trial court directing the production of call records of the Investigating Officer. All contentions raised in this case were taken by the prosecution there also and they were rejected on the facts of the case.
6. This Court in its judgment dated 05.11.2019 in Crl.M.C. 3161/2019 titled as Narcotics Control Bureau v. Gaurav Kumar has observed as under:
"6. On perusal of the aforesaid provision of law, it is clear that whenever any Court or any officer in charge of a Police Station considers that the production of any document or other thing is necessary or desirable for the purposes of any investigation, inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Code by or before such Court or officer, such Court may issue summons, or such officer a written order, to the person in whose possession or power such document or thing is believed to be, requiring hint to attend and produce it, or to produce it, at the time and place stated in the summons or order.
7. The similar issue came before the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Suresh Kumar Vs. Union of India, (2015) 3 JCC 121 (Narcotics) whereby the Hon'ble Supreme Court held as under:-
"8. All that we are concerned with is whether call details which the appellant is demanding can be denied to him on the ground that such details are likely to prejudice the case of the prosecution by exposing their activities in relation to similar other cases and individuals. It is not however in dispute that the call details are being summoned only for purposes of determining the exact location of the officers concerned at the time of the alleged arrest of the appellant from Yashica Palace hotel near the bus stand. Ms. Makhija made a candid concession that any other information contained in the call details will be of no use to the appellant and that the appellant would not insist upon disclosure of such information. That in our opinion simplifies the matter in as much as while the call details demanded by the appellant can be summoned in terms of Section 65
The admissibility of electronic records in criminal trials and the need to balance the right to summon relevant electronic records with the right to privacy of others.
The accused cannot invoke Section 91 during the investigation, but the court or any stakeholder can invoke it at any stage of the proceedings.
The accused's right to summon relevant evidence for their defense, including electronic records, is recognized, and the legislative intent behind Section 91 Cr.P.C. is to ensure discovery of crucial ....
The accused has the right to access relevant documents to build up their defense from the beginning of the trial.
The accused has the right to access call detail record and tower location record to build up their defense from the early stages of the trial, as established in the precedent set by the Hon'ble Delhi....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the admissibility of electronic records in criminal trials and the relevance of obtaining mobile tower location records to establish the location o....
The necessity to preserve electronic evidence for establishing innocence can outweigh privacy concerns of investigative officials.
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