IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI
C. Hari Shankar, J.
Future Coupons Private Limited - Appellant
Versus
Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC - Respondent
CM (M) 1140 of 2022 & CM Appl. 45939 of 2022, CM Appl. 45940 of 2022, CM Appl. 45941 of 2022 and CM (M) 1141 of 2022 & CM Appl. 45942 of 2022, CM Appl. 45943 of 2022, CM Appl. 45944 of 2022
Decided On : 22-11-2022
The Delhi High Court held that the petitions challenging the orders passed by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) are not maintainable under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. The court held that the orders are interlocutory in nature and do not bring the arbitral proceedings to an end. The court further held that the petitioners have a remedy under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 to challenge the final award in the arbitral proceedings.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioners, Future Coupons Pvt. Ltd. (FCL), Future Coupons Resources Pvt. Ltd. (FRL), Akar Estate and Finance Pvt. Ltd. and the Directors of FCL, challenged the orders passed by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. The orders allowed an application by Amazon.Com NV Investment Holdings LLC ("Amazon") to supplement the Statement of Claim (SOC) initially filed by it in the arbitral proceedings. The petitioners also challenged an order rejecting their application to terminate the arbitral proceedings under Section 32(2)(c)1 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 ("the 1996 Act").
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the petitions are not maintainable under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. The court held that the orders are interlocutory in nature and do not bring the arbitral proceedings to an end. The court further held that the petitioners have a remedy under Section 34 of the 1996 Act to challenge the final award in the arbitral proceedings.
Issues: Whether the petitions challenging the orders passed by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) are maintainable under Article 227 of the Constitution of India.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the petitions are not maintainable under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. The court held that the orders are interlocutory in nature and do not bring the arbitral proceedings to an end. The court further held that the petitioners have a remedy under Section 34 of the 1996 Act to challenge the final award in the arbitral proceedings.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the petitions as not maintainable.
JUDGMENT
1. Both these petitions have been instituted under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, and challenge orders passed by the learned Arbitral Tribunal, functioning under the aegis of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) and in seisin of the disputes between the parties before me. CM (M) 1140/2022 challenges Procedural Order No.10 dated 11th October 2022, which allows an application by Amazon.Com NV Investment Holdings LLC ("Amazon", hereinafter) to supplement the Statement of Claim (SOC) initially filed by it in the arbitral proceedings. CM (M) 1141/2022 assails order dated 28th June 2022, whereby an application, by the petitioners and Respondent 2, seeking termination of the arbitral proceedings under Section 32(2)(c)1 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 ("the 1996 Act") has been rejected.
2. The memo of parties in both these petitions is identical. The petitioners are Future Coupons Pvt. Ltd. (FCL), Future Coupons Resources Pvt. Ltd. (FRL), Akar Estate and Finance Pvt. Ltd. and the Directors of FCL who would, hereinafter, be referred to as "the Biyanis".
3. The orders under challenge are interlocutory in nature. They do not bring, to an end, the arbitral proceedings, which are still continuing.
4. For reasons which would presently become apparent, these petitions are, in my view, not maintainable under Article 227 of the Constitution of India. They are, therefore, liable to be dismissed as such. But first, the facts.
Facts
5. There are, essentially, four dramatis personae in these proceedings. They are FCL, FRL, Amazon and Reliance Industries Ltd ("Reliance"), though Reliance is not a party to these proceedings.
6. Three agreements came to be executed amongst FRL, FCL and Amazon. These were (i) a Share Holders Agreement, dated 12th August 2019, between FRL and FCL (hereinafter referred to as "FRSHA"), (ii) a Share Holders Agreement, dated 22nd August 2019, between FCL and Amazon (hereinafter referred to as "FCSHA") and (iii) a Share Subscription Agreement, dated 22nd August 2019, between FCL and Amazon (hereinafter referred to as "FCSSA").
7. The FRSHA, dated 12th August 2019, between FRL and FCL restrained FRL from disposing of its retail assets to third parties including, for the purpose of the present controversy, Reliance. The retail assets were, mainly, supermarkets, run under the name "Big Bazaar".
8. The FCSHA and FCSSA, dated 22nd August 2019, executed between FCL and Amazon, envisaged investment, by Amazon, of Rs.1,431 crores, to acquire 49% equity in FCL. Clause 3.4 of the FCSSA required Amazon to obtain prior approval from the Competition Commission of India (CCI) before investment.
9. On 23rd September 2019, Amazon applied to the CCI for approval to invest in FCL. This was, purportedly, to strengthen the business of FCL and unlock its value. Conditional approval was granted by CCI on 28th November 2019, for Amazon to invest in FCL.
10. On 29th August, 2020, FCL gave consent to FRL entering into a Scheme of Arrangement ("SOA", hereinafter) with Reliance, vide a Board Resolution. Under the said SOA, the retail assets of FRL and its group companies were to be sold to Reliance for approximately Rs.25,000 crores, apart from an additional investment of Rs.2,400 crores to be infused by Reliance.
11. Aggrieved thereby, Amazon initiated arbitral proceedings (in which the presently impugned orders have been passed) under Clause 25.2.1 of the FCSHA, on 5th October 2020, under the aegis of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC). Though there was no direct contractual relationship between Amazon and FRL, the primary contention of Amazon, in the said arbitral proceedings, were that (i) the FCSHA, FCSSA and FRSHA constituted a single integrated transaction, (ii) Amazon had special protective rights in FRL through FCL and (iii) the prior consent of Amazon had not been obtained before sale or disposal of the retail assets of FRL. Resultantly, Amazon sought, from the
The court affirmed that procedural decisions made by the Arbitral Tribunal are within its discretion and are not subject to interference under Article 227 unless fundamental flaws are demonstrated.
Section 34 of the 1996 Act permits a challenge “against an arbitral award ... only by an application for setting aside such award”. “Arbitral award” is defined, in clause (c) of Section 2(1), as “inc....
Once arbitration has commenced in the arbitral tribunal, parties have to wait until the award is pronounced unless, of course, a right of appeal is available to them under Section 37 of the Act even ....
Judicial intervention in arbitration is restricted; parties can only challenge interim orders in specific circumstances post-award under the Arbitration Act.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the arbitrator's duty to inform the claimant of their failure to communicate their claim and to provide an opportunity to show sufficient cause, an....
High Court’s exercise of jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution, and setting aside of the order of the Tribunal.
The Arbitrator has jurisdiction to consider recall of a termination order if sufficient cause is shown for non-filing of claims, reinforcing judicial support for arbitral processes. The defaulting pa....
Judicial interference under Article 227 is limited in arbitration matters, especially when a comprehensive mechanism exists under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act for addressing non-arbitrability....
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