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2023 Supreme(Del) 3242

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Vibhu Bakhru, Amit Mahajan, JJ.
Sudeep Raj Saini – Appellant
Versus
High Court of Delhi & Ors. – Respondents
W.P.(C) 703 of 2023, CM Nos.2744 of 2023 & 13170 of 2023
Decided On : 12-07-2023

Advocates appeared:
Mr. Akhil Sibal, Senior Advocate with Mr. Pradeep Chhindra and Ms. Sanya Kumar, Advocates, for the Petitioner.
Dr. Amit George, Mr. Piyo Harold Jaimon, Mr. Rayadurgam Bharat, Mr. Amol Acharya and Mr. Arkaneil Bhaumik, Advocates for R-1.
Mr. Nimish Chib, Advocate, for R-3.
Mr. Abhinav Vashisht and Mr. Sacchin Puri, Senior Advocates with Mr. Mukesh Kumar Sharma, Mr. Tarun Dabas, Ms. Akshita Jaitley, Mr. Manish Kumar Bhardwaj, Mr. Devvart Sharma and Mr. Naveen, Advocates, for R-4.
Mr. Abhinav Vashisht and Mr. Sacchin Puri, Senior Advocates with Mr. Mukesh Kumar Sharma and Ms. Akshita Sachdeva Jaitley, Advocates, for R-5.
Mr. Sahil Khurana, Advocate in CM (M) 13170/2023, for the Respondent.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Delhi Higher Judicial Service Rules, 1970 - Candidature and selection processes in the context of awarding additional marks - The Delhi High Court issued an impugned notice awarding extra marks in examinations, resulting in certain candidates qualifying who had initially failed - The petitioner challenged this notice on grounds of it being contrary to established rules and integrity of selection processes - The court held that awarding additional marks solely to accommodate candidates who narrowly missed qualifying marks subverts the integrity of the evaluation process, as the DHC lacked the authority to grant such concessions without substantive justification. (Paras 13, 45, 61, 82, 110)

(B) Eligibility Criteria and Criteria for Selection - It was affirmed that mere employment as a legal consultant does not disqualify one from being an advocate if duties align with advocacy, as per the criteria established in relevant precedents. (Paras 84, 107)

Table of Content
1. introduction and context of the petition (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
2. procedural aspects of dhjs examination (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. candidates' qualification for the viva voce (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
4. candidates' challenges and petitions (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
5. awarding of additional marks (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
6. final selections and ranking (Para 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)
7. petitioner's arguments against additional marks (Para 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
8. respondents' counterarguments (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41)
9. criteria for qualification under dhjs rules (Para 82 , 83 , 84 , 85)
10. engagement with the department of legal affairs (Para 86 , 87 , 88 , 89)
11. nature of legal consultant work (Para 90 , 91 , 92 , 93)
12. assessment of employment status (Para 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98)
13. supreme court precedent on employment definition (Para 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103)
14. conclusion on respondent 5's eligibility (Para 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108)
15. final judgment and orders (Para 109 , 110 , 111)

JUDGMENT

Vibhu Bakhru, J.

INTRODUCTION

1. The petitioner has filed the present petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, inter alia, impugning a notice dated 13.10.2022 (hereafter `the impugned notice') whereby, respondent no.1 (hereafter `the DHC') had awarded 01 (one) additional mark in Law-III paper and 0.5 (half) mark in the paper of General Knowledge and Language, to all the candidates who had appeared in the Delhi Higher Judicial Services Mains (Written) Examination, 2022 (hereafter the `DHJS Mains (Written) Examination'). By virtue of the additional mark awarded in Law-III paper, respondent no.3 (Mr. Mayank Garg) as well as two other candidates qualified the DHJS Mains (Written) Examination and were admitted to the viva voce. Respondent no.3 was, subsequently, selected for joining the Delhi Higher Judicial Services (hereafter `the DHJS') as he was placed at serial no. 21 in the select list, in the order of merit. However, the other two candidates were not selected.

2. The petitioner also impugns the selection of respondent no.5 (Mr. Sandeep Kumar Sharma) to join the DHJS pursuant to clearing the Delhi Higher Judicial Services Examination - 2022 (hereafter `DHJS Examination, 2022'). According to the petitioner, respondent no.5 did not satisfy the eligibility criteria for selection to the DHJS or to appear for the DHJS Examination, 2022. The petitioner essentially challenges the selection and appointment of respondent no.3 and respondent no.5 to the DHJS.

3. The petitioner claims that it is not open to the DHC to award additional marks to candidates in the DHJS Mains (Written) Examination-2022 as the same is contrary to the relevant rules and also affects the integrity of the selection process.

4. The petitioner has also challenged the selection of respondent no.2 (Mr. Murari Singh) who is placed at rank 5 in the order of merit, respondent no.4 (Mr. Kumar Mitakshar) who is placed at rank 33 in the order of merit, and respondent no. 6 (Mr. Shankar Naryanan), who is ranked 1st (first) in the order of merit. However, it is not necessary to address the petitioner's challenge to the selection of respondent nos. 2 and 4 as respondent no. 2 has since withdrawn his candidature and respondent no. 4 has joined the Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Services.

5. Selection of respondent no. 6 is challenged on the ground that he does not satisfy the eligibility criteria. Respondent no. 6 had pursued the Master of Law Program at the University College London over a period of about nine months (23.09.2015 to 06.06.2016), during the period of seven years, preceding the last application for the DHJS Examination, 2022. The petitioner claims that the period spent by respondent no. 6 in pursuing the said course cannot be considered as a period spent practicing as an Advocate. This contention was rejected by this Court in the decision in Karan Antil v. High Court of Delhi & Ors.1[Karan Antil v. High C


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