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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI
Sanjeev Sachdeva, J.
G.S. Berar and Co. Pvt. Ltd. - Appellant
Versus
MS Trans Asian Industries Expositions Pvt. Ltd. - Respondent
CM(M) 162 of 2022 & CM. Appls. 8747-48 of 2022
Decided On : 18-02-2022




Witnesses may refuse to answer irrelevant questions, but courts can draw adverse inferences from such refusals, preventing unnecessary delays in trial proceedings.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Order 16 - Recording of evidence - Delay in recording evidence is raised as an issue. The petitioner claims that irrelevant questions posed to witnesses are meant to delay proceedings. The court allows modifications concerning witness obligations in answering questions, stating, 'The witness would not be obliged to answer every question.' (Paras 4, 9 and 10)

(B) Modification of Directions - The court permits modifications to prior directions on witness responses, stating, 'it would be open to the court at an appropriate stage to draw an adverse inference against the witness and the party that has produced the said witness.' (Paras 4, 9)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner asserts that the respondents are posing irrelevant and extraneous questions to witnesses, aimed at protracting trial proceedings. The court addresses the issue of the directions given in a prior order, allowing modifications regarding witness testimony.

Findings of Court:
The court modifies the previous direction allowing witnesses to refuse to answer certain questions but indicates that such refusals can lead to adverse inferences.

Issues: The main issues addressed were the delay in recording evidence and the admissibility of extraneous questions posed to witnesses during the trial.

Ratio Decidendi: The court finds that modifications in the procedure can be permissible to prevent unnecessary delays in trial, emphasizing that adverse inferences can be drawn from a witness's refusal to answer relevant questions.

Result: Petition disposed of in modified terms.

JUDGMENT

Sanjeev Sachdeva, J. (Oral)--The hearing was conducted through video conferencing.

2. Petitioner is aggrieved by the delay in recording of the evidence.

3. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that irrelevant questions are being posed to the witness by the respondents to simply delay the proceedings. He submits that some of the questions are completely extraneous and have got no relevance to the issues at hand. However, the questions are being put to protract the trial.

4. Learned counsel submits that petitioner is aggrieved by the direction in order dated 17.03.2021 to the limited to extent that it directs that the objection would be noted by the Commissioner and left open to be decided by the court at the stage of final arguments, however the witness shall not refuse to answer the question asked.

5. Issue notice. Notice is accepted by learned counsel for respondent.

6. With the consent of parties, the petition is taken up for hearing today.

7. Leaned counsel for respondent submits that he has no objection the clause being modified to the extent that in case the witness refuses to answer any question, then the court would be free to drawn an adverse inference against the witness for refusing to answer.

8. Learned counsel for the petitioner is agreeable to the said modification.

9. In view of the above, paragraphs 9 and 10 are modified to the extent that the witness would not be obliged to answer every question. However, in case witness refuses to answer a particular question, the Local Commissioner shall note in the proceeding that witness has refused to answer and it would be open to the court at an appropriate stage to draw an adverse inference against the witness and the party that has produced the said witness.

10. Petition is disposed of in the above terms.

11. Copy of the order be uploaded on the High Court website and be also forwarded to learned counsels through e-mail by the Court Master.

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