IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
ILESH J. VORA, S.V. PINTO, JJ.
ARJUNBHAI KANTIBHAI NAYAK – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF GUJARAT – Respondent
Criminal Appeal (Against Conviction) No. 1719 of 2016
Decided On : 11-12-2024
(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 374 - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302, 363, 366, 376, and 504 - Gujarat Police Act, 1951 - Section 135 - Conviction for murder and related offences - The appellant was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for murder and additional sentences for other offences, with concurrent serving of sentences. (Paras 1-2)
(B) Circumstantial Evidence - The prosecution case relied on circumstantial evidence, establishing a chain of events leading to the conviction of the appellant for murder, with the evidence being cogent and complete. (Paras 13.1-13.4)
Facts of the case:
The deceased was murdered by the appellant, who was in a relationship with the deceased's daughter. The appellant followed the deceased and attacked him, leading to the victim's death and subsequent abduction of the daughter. (Paras 3.1-3.7)
Findings of Court:
The court found the circumstantial evidence against the appellant to be strong and sufficient to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt, affirming the trial court's conviction. (Paras 17-18)
Issues: The main issues were whether the circumstantial evidence was sufficient to prove the appellant's guilt and if the trial court's conclusions were justified. (Paras 13.1-13.4)
Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that in cases based on circumstantial evidence, all circumstances must be established beyond reasonable doubt, forming a complete chain pointing to the guilt of the accused. (Paras 13.2-13.4)
Result: Appeal dismissed.
JUDGMENT :
ILESH J. VORA, J.
1. The present appeal is filed by the appellant-original accused under Section 374 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (old) (‘Cr.P.C.’ in short) against the judgment and order of conviction and sentence dated 05.04.2016 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Kalol, Gandhinagar in Sessions Case no. 4 of 2013, wherein, the appellant came to be tried for offences punishable under Sections 302, 363, 366, 376 and 504 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (old) (‘IPC’ for short) and Section 135 of the Gujarat Police Act, 1951 (‘G.P. Act’ in short).
2. At the end of the trial, the appellant came to be convicted under Section 302 of IPC and Section 135 of G.P. Act and was sentenced as under:
| Sections | Punishment | Fine | In default |
| Section 302 of IPC | Life imprisonment | Rs. 1,000/- | SI for one month |
| Section 135 of G.P. Act | SI for fifteen days | -- | -- |
Learned Trial Court directed to undergo both the sentences concurrently.
3. Facts and circumstances giving rise to file this appeal are as under:
3.2 The appellant accused Arjun Nayak was also employed by the contractor for cutting of tree and he was living nearby the place of the deceased and his family members.
3.3 The appellant accused and daughter of the deceased aged about 15 years were acquainted and fell in love and used to meet each other. The deceased Shankarbhai had reprimanded the appellant accused and asked him to keep distance from his daughter.
3.4 Despite of this, the appellant accused did not stop and was continued in maintaining the relation with the victim.
3.5 On 03.11.2012, at about 09:00 p.m. the brother of the deceased PW-14, had prepared a rice for dinner. The deceased wanted to eat roti. So, he along with his daughter went to village to get pan [flat plat for backing bread (roti)].
3.6 The appellant accused had followed the deceased and came out with dager after a while, and when PW-14 asked, he said that he is going for outing.
3.7 When the deceased and his daughter reached near farm of Dahyabhai Chaudhary, the appellant accused, in order to take revenge, as the deceased was hurdle in maintaining relationship with her daughter, assaulted the deceased by using arm dager and had caused fatally injuries as a result of which, deceased died on the spot and thereafter, took away the victim with him and stayed at different places for about 6 to 7 days and maintained physical relationship with her.
3.8 The farm owner informed the village sarpanch about the dead body lying in his farm. The village sarpanch informed the Kalol Police Station and on the basis of the said information, the police registered the case as accidental death on 04.11.2012. On arrival of the police at the place of the incident, PW-14 brother of the deceased disclosed the FIR. The dead body of the deceased, sent for postmorterm. The I.O. recorded the statements of witnesses. The appellant accused was found in the company of the victim nearby the farm. He was arrested. The victim as well as the accused sent for medical examination. During the investigation, at the instance of the appellant accused, the weapon dager seized from the house of PW-8. The I.O. collected the blood samples of the deceased as well as the accused and seized the bloodstain cloths of the deceased and sent it to the FSL for analysis.
3.9 At the end of investigation, the I.O. found sufficient evidence against the appellant accused for the charge and accordingly, chargesheet came to be filed before the Court concerned.
4. On the basis of material on record, the charge was framed against the appellant at Exh.6, to which he pleaded not guilty and therefore, he came to be tried
Ashok Kumar Chatterjee v. State of M.P. AIR 1989 SC 1890
Balwinder Singh alias Dalbir Singh v. State of Punjab
C. Chenga Reddy and Ors. v. State of A.P. 1996 (10) SCC 193
Earaohadrappa v. State of Karnataka
Harishchandra Ladaku Thange vs. State of Maharashtra
Hukam Singh v. State of Rajasthan
Padala Veera Reddy v. State of A.P. AIR 1990 SC 79
The court emphasized that circumstantial evidence must form a complete and unbroken chain to establish the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt.
The court upheld the conviction under IPC Section 302, emphasizing that circumstantial evidence must form a complete chain, proving guilt beyond reasonable doubt without the accused providing an adeq....
The sufficiency of circumstantial evidence to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Circumstantial evidence must form a conclusive chain linked to the accused, establishing guilt beyond reasonable doubt, with no viable alternative explanations for innocence.
The sufficiency of circumstantial evidence and the need for a complete chain of evidence to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
The court held that conviction based on circumstantial evidence requires a complete, unbroken chain of circumstances that unerringly point to guilt, which was not established in this case.
There was no eye witness as to actual assault on body of deceased which lead to her death and as such, it can be said that conviction of appellant is based on circumstantial evidence.
The main legal point established in the judgment is the reliance on circumstantial evidence to establish the guilt of the accused under IPC Section 302.
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