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2025 Supreme(Gau) 729

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
KALYAN RAI SURANA, MALASRI NANDI, JJ.
Fakar Uddin @ Md. Fokar Uddin, S/o. Lt Mahammad Ali – Petitioner 
Versus
The Union Of India, Rep. By The Secy. To The Govt. Of India, Ministry Of Home Affairs And Ors. – Respondents
WP(C) No.5489 Of 2018
Decided On : 24-03-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. J. Ahmed, Ms. M. Ahmed, Ms. S.R. Saikia, Ms. H. Begum.
For the Respondents: Asstt.S.G.I., SC, NRC,SC, Election Commission., SC, F.T.

The burden of proof for establishing citizenship lies with the individual, and mere electoral roll entries are insufficient without corroborating evidence.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Foreigners Act, 1946 - Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964 - Writ petition challenging the opinion of the Foreigners Tribunal declaring the petitioner an illegal migrant - The petitioner claimed Indian citizenship based on electoral rolls and other documents but failed to provide sufficient evidence of continuous residence prior to 1966 - The Tribunal's rejection of the petitioner's evidence was upheld as not vitiated by any procedural irregularity. (Paras 2, 11, 36)

(B) Burden of Proof - The burden lies on the individual asserting citizenship to provide evidence of nationality, including documentation of birth and lineage - The court emphasized that mere entries in electoral rolls do not establish citizenship without corroborating evidence. (Paras 16, 18)

(C) Certiorari Jurisdiction - The court clarified that in certiorari proceedings, it does not substitute its judgment for that of the Tribunal unless there is a clear jurisdictional error or violation of natural justice. (Paras 34, 36)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner was declared an illegal migrant by the Foreigners Tribunal, claiming Indian citizenship based on electoral rolls and documents. He alleged that the Tribunal rejected his evidence mechanically and did not provide grounds for suspecting him as a foreigner. (Paras 2, 3, 4)

Findings of Court:
The court found that the petitioner failed to prove continuous residence in India prior to 1966 and that the Tribunal's decision was not vitiated by procedural errors. (Paras 36, 37)

Issues: The main issues included whether the Tribunal's opinion was vitiated by non-furnishing of grounds for suspicion and whether the court could remand the matter for further evidence. (Paras 11, 36)

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the petitioner did not meet the burden of proof required to establish his citizenship and that the Tribunal acted within its jurisdiction. (Paras 36, 37)

Result: Writ petition dismissed.

ORDER :

(K.R. Surana, J.)

Heard Mr. J. Ahmed, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard Ms. J. Sarmah, learned CGC, Mr. M. Islam, learned counsel appearing on behalf of Mr. A.I. Ali, learned standing counsel for the ECI, Mr. G. Sarma, learned standing counsel for the FT matters, Mr. P. Sarmah, learned Additional Senior Govt.Advocate and Mr. R. Talukdar, learned Govt. Advocate for the State.

2. By filing this writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner has assailed the impugned opinion dated 11.06.2018, passed by the nd learned Member, Foreigner’s Tribunal 2 , Morigaon, Assam in Case No. F.T. 06/17, arising out of Police Reference F.T. Case No. 12/2017, dated 18.02.2017 by which the petitioner was declared as an illegal migrant.

3. On being served with a notice of the proceedings, the petitioner had appeared before the learned Tribunal and filed his written statement on 17.04.2018, wherein it was stated that the case registered against the petitioner was false and baseless and there was no doubt that the petitioner had illegally entered in India without any valid documents and it was stated that the case was registered without examining any document and without any proper investigation. The petitioner had specifically denied every statement made in the report against him. The petitioner had stated that he is an Indian citizen and was born at Lelaibori village under Laharighat Police Station in the District of Morigaon and his name was enrolled in the electoral roll of 2005 and thereafter, he has been casting his vote till date. He had stated that before that, his father was residing at Village Goraimari under Laharighat Police Station and as the said village was eroded by the river Brahmaputra, his father started to permanently reside in the present Lelaibori village and that the name of his father was enrolled in the electoral roll of 1966 and 1970 and he has Gaonbura certificate issue by the local Gaonbura.

4. The petitioner claimed that he had sufficient document to prove his Indian nationality and accordingly, he had prayed to exonerate him from the proceedings. The examination in chief of the petitioner was recorded in note by the learned Tribunal on 14.05.2018, wherein he had reiterated that he was born in village Lelaibori under Laharighat Police Station and he had taken his education in Lelaibori L.P School and studied High School at Goroimari High School. His father’s name was Md. Ali (deceased) and name of his deceased grandfather was Late Sahed Ali. He had stated that his father cast his vote in the year 1966 and continuing to cast his vote till his death in the year 2013. He had stated in the name of his mother is Sultun Nessa. He had cast his vote for the first time in the year 2005 and he was exercising his franchise till then he was a citizen of India by birth. He had exhibited 6 documents in support of his bail, viz., (i) Voter list of 1966 in the name of my father and grandfather (Ext.1), (ii) Copy of my voter ID card (Ext.2), (iii) Certificate issued by Gaon Bura (Ext.3), (iv) School certificate of Garaimari High School issued by the Head Master on 14-11-18 (Ext.4), (v) Domicile certificate issued by Addl. Deputy Commissioner, Morigaon on 12-6-18 (Ext.5) and (vi) Medical certificate of death of Mohamad Ali dated 30-4-13 (Ext.6)

5. It would be relevant to mention here that responding to the Court query, the petitioner had stated before the learned Tribunal that he was born on 02.04.1988 and that he had not submitted his birth certificate or any land documents of his parents and grandparents prior to 1966. He had not submitted any voter list of his father after 1966 and prior to his death and he had not obtain any death certificate of his father from the authorities under the Birth and Death Registration Act, 1969. He has 4(four) brothers and 2(two) sisters. His mother was alive and he has not submitted any voter list of his mother.

6. It was submitted by the learned counsel for th

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