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2026 Supreme(Gau) 9

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
ROBIN PHUKAN, J.
Smt. Rashmi Rekha Saikia, W/o Late Pradip Kumar Baruah – Petitioner
Versus
The State of Assam – Respondents
WP(C) No. 1482 of 2021
Decided On : 07-01-2026

Advocates appeared:
For the petitioner (s):Mr. D. Borah, Advocate
For the respondent (s):Mr. P.N. Sharma, SC, Elem. Edu., Mr. G. Pegu, GA, Assam, Mr. C. Boruah, SC, AG, Mr. A. Chaliha, SC, Finance, Advocates

The right to receive pensionary benefits is constitutional and cannot be denied based on non-regularization of service, particularly after long continuous service, as it violates principles of fairness and justice.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Pension - In a writ petition, the court directed respondents to release the deceased husband's pension, gratuity, family pension, and other benefits, who died without receiving dues after lengthy service - The husband's claim for retirement benefits was denied on grounds of non-regularization of service, despite a lengthy period of continuous service. The Court held that the refusal was illegal and arbitrary, contravening principles of fairness and justice inherent in constitutional obligations. (Paras 10.1, 19, 21, 22)

(B) Pension Rights - The court reiterated that pension benefits are a matter of right, not discretionary, asserting that the State cannot benefit from its inaction and negligence towards retired employees whose rights were violated. The delay in regularizing services and awarding benefits led to severe consequences for the deceased employee and his family. (Paras 17, 20.1, 22.7)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner sought direction for the release of pension and retirement benefits owing to the deceased husband, who served for over 23 years. Despite court orders, benefits were not released, contributing to the husband's untimely death from illness. The State authorities maintained that non-regularization of service was the basis for halting pension disbursement. The Court found this rationale unfounded. (Paras 3, 4-7, 16)

Findings of Court:
The court ordered the regularization of service and release of all pension benefits owed to the deceased husband of the petitioner and directed accountability regarding the prolonged inaction by the State authorities concerning pensionary dues. (Para 21, 22)

Issues: The primary issues addressed include the legality of denying pension based on non-regularization of service and the constitutional rights of the deceased as an employee of the State. (Paras 3, 21)

Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that the right to pension is constitutional, inseparable from an employee's rights under Articles 14, 16, and 21 of the Constitution, emphasizing that undue delays and bureaucratic negligence cannot infringe upon these rights. In this instance, the deceased's lengthy service warranted pension rights, overriding bureaucratic formalities. (Paras 17, 20, 21)

Result: The court allowed the petition, directing the regularization of the deceased husband’s service and the immediate release of all due pensionary benefits. Additionally, the court emphasized accountability for the delayed processing from the concerned departments. (Paras 21, 22.7)

Table of Content
1. factual background of the case. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. respondents argue non-regularization as basis for pension denial. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. petitioner's position regarding entitlement to benefits. (Para 7 , 10)
4. respondents' defenses concerning procedural aspects. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
5. judicial reasoning supporting the petitioner's claims. (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
6. court identifies systemic failures in government processes. (Para 20)
7. court's directive for action and compensation. (Para 21 , 22)
8. final disposal of petition with directives. (Para 23)

JUDGMENT AND ORDER (CAV)

ROBIN PHUKAN, J.

Heard Mr. D Borah, learned counsel for the petitioner. Also heard Mr. P.N. Sharma, learned standing counsel, Elementary Education Department, appearing for the respondent Nos.1, 3, 4 and 5, Ms. K. Phukan, learned Junior Government Advocate, Assam, appearing for the respondent Nos.2 and 6, Mr. C. Boruah, learned Standing Counsel, Accountant General, appearing for the respondent No.7 and Mr. A. Chaliha, learned Standing Counsel, Finance Department.

2. In this petition, under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner has prayed for issuing direction to the respondents to release the following:-

(i) Arrear pension/family pension;

(ii) Provisional Gratuity, along with interest,

(iii) Leave Encashment Benefit, along with interest etc.,

(iv) arrear ACPS w.e.f. 01.01.2011, along with interest acquired there upon (as per revised ROP),

as entitled to by the deceased husband of the petitioner, who had retired from his service on 31.12.2017, as an Inspecting Auditor in the Office of the District Elementary Education Officer, Sivasagar, and died on 29.09.2019.

Background Facts:-

3. The background facts, leading to filing of this present petition, are briefly stated as under:-

“The husband of the petitioner had joined as an Inspecting Auditor on 24.01.1994, in the Office of the District Elementary Education Officer (DEEO), Golaghat, temporarily on ad-hoc basis. His appointment was extended from time to time (by order dated 18.06.1994, 24.03.1995, 04.12.1995) and by order dated 20.03.1997; in which it was reflected that the service of the deceased husband of the petitioner has been extended from 01.03.1996, till posts are filed up in a regular manner.

Lastly, the husband of the petitioner was transferred to the Office of the DEEO, Sivasagar and he retired from his service on 31.12.2017, on superannuation. After retirement, petitioner's husband had filed a representation before the DEEO, Sivasagar on 31.05.2018, for releasing his all retirement benefits. But, the same failed to evoke any response. As the pensionary and other retirement benefits of the petitioner's deceased husband had not been paid, he had instituted a writ proceeding, being W.P.(C) No. 6896/2018, before this Court. Then this Court, vide order dated 26.11.2018, had directed the respondent authorities to release the provisional pension till finalization of monthly regular pension. As the order had not been complied with, one Cont. Case(C) No.248/2019, was also initiated. However, during the pendency of Cont. Case(C) No. 248/2019, the respondent authorities had released a sum of Rs.3,81,138/- as provisional pension w.e.f. January, 2018, up to April, 2019, vide letter dated 24.05.2019. Then the contempt proceeding was closed. But, taking the plea of closing the Cont. Case(C) No. 248/2019, the respondent authorities again stopped the provisional pension without assigning any reason.

Thereafter, the deceased husband of the petitioner had filed an Interlocutory Application vide. I.A.(C) Sl. No.13566/2019, but, before the said interlocutory application was registered and tagged with the W.P.(C) No. 6896/2018, the W.P.(C) No. 6896/2018 was finally heard on 25.09.2019, and vide order dated 25.09.2019, the respondent authorities were directed to release all the admissible retirement benefits and pension to the deceased husband of the petitioner by observing about stoppi

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