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2026 Supreme(Gau) 1045

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH) 
SANJAY KUMAR MEDHI, PRANJAL DAS, JJ.
Sonabasi Biswas S/o. Late Mosiram Biswas – Petitioner
Versus 
The State Of Assam, Rep. By P.p., Assam. – Respondent
Crl.A. 363 of 2019 
Decided On : 08-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. S Alim, Advocate
For the Respondent: Ms. B. Bhuyan, APP, Assam Ms. J. Saikia

The testimony of an injured eyewitness holds high evidentiary value, and a conviction may be based on such sole testimony if found credible; minor discrepancies in medical or ocular evidence, which do not strike at the root of the prosecution's case, do not warrant setting aside a conviction.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 374(2) - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 302 - Conviction for murder - Evaluation of ocular evidence in the context of alleged medical report discrepancies - Status and weight of injured eyewitness testimony. (Paras 1, 14, 23)

(B) Evidence - Quality versus quantity - It is the quality of witnesses rather than quantity that determines the outcome of a criminal trial - Injured eyewitnesses occupy a higher pedestal in judicial scrutiny - Minor discrepancies regarding weapons or the chronology of events, in the absence of perversity, are insufficient to discredit the testimony of an otherwise reliable witness. (Paras 24, 25, 26)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted for murder following a night-time assault that resulted in the death of one person and injuries to another. The informant, a relative of both the injured witness and the appellant, alleged the motive to be a property dispute. The appellant challenged the conviction on the basis of alleged inconsistencies between the ocular testimony and the medical findings, the lack of seizure of incriminating materials, and the failure of the prosecution to examine other potential witnesses present at the scene.

Findings of Court:
The court determined that the testimony of the injured survivor was credible and carried significant weight. It concluded that the alleged discrepancies between the injury reports (describing contusions) and the oral evidence (describing daggers) were reconcilable, as daggers possess both sharp and blunt surfaces. The court further held that digestive evidence used to estimate the time of death is hypothetical and cannot override direct eyewitness accounts. The court affirmed that the testimony of an injured witness, combined with established motive, is sufficient for conviction without the need for extensive corroboration.

Issues: The main issues addressed were the reliability of a sole injured eyewitness, the impact of alleged contradictions between medical and ocular evidence, and the legal weight to be given to non-contradictory minor discrepancies in a criminal trial.

Ratio Decidendi: The court established that testimony of an injured eyewitness is essentially reliable and that the legal system prioritizes the quality of evidence over the quantity of witnesses. Convictions based on credible ocular evidence are sustainable provided that the overall narrative is consistent, regardless of minor variations in peripheral details.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. case registration and initiation of criminal proceedings. (Para 1 , 2)
2. assessment of prosecution witness statements and evidence gathering. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. competing contentions regarding evidence and witness testimony reliability. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
4. evidentiary value of injured eyewitnesses and reconciliation of medical reports. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
5. validation of lower court conviction and appellate conclusion. (Para 27 , 28 , 29)

Judgment :

S.K. Medhi , J.

The instant appeal has been filed under Section 374(2) of the CrPC, 1973 against the judgment and order of conviction and sentence dated 03.05.2019 passed by the learned Sessions Judge, Darrang, Mangaldai in Sessions Case No. 30(DM)/2015 convicting the accused Sonabasi Biswas and sentencing him to suffer rigorous imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.10,000/- in default of payment of fine to undergo further RI for one year under Section 302 of the IPC.

2. The criminal law was set into motion by lodging of an Ejahar on 21.03.2010 by one Muchiram Biswas (PW1) alleging inter alia that on the said day at about 9 PM, the accused persons including the appellant had trespassed into the house of his son, Sibashi Biswas and injured him severely by stabbing with dagger and also killed his daughter-in-law, Bisaka Biswas by dealing blows with dagger. It was also stated that there was dispute regarding landed property. Based on the said Ejahar, police case being MLD PS Case No. 264/2010 was registered under Sections 147/448/326/302 of the IPC and investigation was accordingly made. After completion of the investigation, the police had laid the chargesheet and accordingly charges were framed. As the charges were denied, the trial had begun, in which the prosecution had adduced evidence through 10 nos. of prosecution witnesses.

3. PW1 is the informant who had deposed regarding the incident and his lodging of the Ejahar, which was proved as Exhibit 1. He had deposed of witnessing five persons running away from the place of occurrence. In the cross examination, however, he had admitted that there was no electricity connection to the house of the deceased.

4. PW2 is one Prabhat Sarkar, who was the scribe of the Ejahar and is a neighbour. He had, however, admitted that he had heard about the incident and further that the deceased Bisaka was his cousin.

5. PW3 is the Doctor,who had conducted the postmortem upon the deceased. He had deposed that 5nos. of injuries were detected, which were caused by sharp pointed weapons. In the cross examination, he had deposed that it appears that the deceased had taken food 4 - 5 hours before her death. The postmortem was proved as Exhibit 3 and the opinion reads as follows:

“Death is due to hemorrhage and shock as a result of injury sustained as described above. All the injuries are ante-mortem and caused by sharp pointed object and homicidal in nature. Time since of death is approximately 12 hours to 24 hours. All injuries are fatal.”

6. PW4 - Jyotish Mandal is the brother of the deceased, who stays in the same village at a distance of 1KM. He had deposed that Sibashi, the husband of the deceased who was also injured had told him about the attackers. PW4 was, however, was confronted with his statement made under Section 161 CrPC regarding such disclosure by Sibashi.

7. PW5 is Sibashi Biswas, who is the husband of the deceased and was also attacked and injured. In his deposition, he had clearly stated that he knew all the accused persons out of which 3 were his own brothers. He had stated that on the fateful day at about 9 PM,when they had heard a sound outside their house, his wife had come out, followed by him. At that time,the accused persons, including the appellant, had attacked his wife with daggers in her neck, stomach, face and thereafter also attacked him with daggers on his forehead, chest, stomach and hand. He had made specific allegations against each

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