SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

2025 Supreme(KER) 876

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
C.Pratheep Kumar, J.
United India Insurance Company Limited – Petitioner
Versus
Dr. K.A. Hameed and ors. – Respondents
MACA No. 1693 of 2008, MACA No. 2323 of 2009, MACA No. 2324 of 2009, MACA No. 2532 of 2009, MACA No. 1694 of 2008
Decided On : 10-02-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : BY ADV SRI.P.JACOB MATHEW-SC SRI.MATHEWS JACOB (Sr.SC)
For the Respondent: BY ADVS. Karthik Rajagopal-R9 ARUN THOMAS(K/844/2007) ANIL SEBASTIAN PULICKEL(K/000278/2018) KARTHIKA MARIA(K/001293/2016) SHINTO MATHEW ABRAHAM(K/977/2018)-R9 MATHEW NEVIN THOMAS(K/000936/2019) KURIAN ANTONY MATHEW(K/1812/2020) JOE S. ADHIKARAM(K/000838/2020) LEAH RACHEL NINAN(K/002325/2019) R.S.KALKURA DEEPA GEORGE – R7 V.JAYADHAR -R8

The insurer must produce the insurance policy to limit liability; failure to do so results in full liability for compensation.

Headnote:

(A) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - Sections 166 and 168 - Accident involving two cars resulting in injuries and death - Claims filed by various parties for compensation - Tribunal found negligence of the driver of the Maruti car - Insurer's liability questioned based on policy coverage - Court emphasized burden on insurer to prove policy limitations - Compensation awarded to claimants based on injuries and death. (Paras 12, 14, 15, 26, 36, 44)

(B) Insurance Policy - Burden of proof - Insurer must produce policy to limit liability - Failure to produce policy leads to adverse inference against insurer. (Paras 15, 18, 22)

Facts of the case:
The accident occurred on 28.5.1994 involving a Maruti car and an Ambassador car, resulting in injuries to passengers and the death of one passenger. Multiple claims were filed for compensation, with the Tribunal finding negligence on the part of the Maruti car's driver. (Paras 2-6)

Findings of Court:
The court upheld the Tribunal's finding of negligence by the Maruti car's driver and ruled that the insurer is liable to indemnify the compensation awarded to the passengers. (Paras 14, 26)

Issues: The main issues included the determination of negligence, the insurer's liability under the policy, and the adequacy of compensation awarded. (Paras 12, 14)

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the insurer must prove any limitations on coverage and that failure to produce the policy leads to an assumption of full liability. (Paras 15, 22)

Result: Appeals allowed in part; compensation awarded to claimants. (Paras 46, 48)

Table of Content
1. accident details and claims (Para 2)
2. claims filed by various parties (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. negligence of the driver (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48)
4. compensation awarded (Para 45)

JUDGMENT :

(C. Pratheep Kumar, J.)

All these appeals arise out of a same accident and hence they are disposed of by a common judgment.

2. On 28.5.1994 at about 7.15 a.m an accident occurred involving a Maruti car bearing registration No.CK1 3993 and an Ambassador car bearing registration No.KL-7C/2592 in which the passengers in both the cars sustained injuries and a passenger in the Maruti car succumbed to the injuries. One Razool was the owner of the Maruti car. The passengers in the Maruti car were one Niyas (driver), Imtiaz (minor), one Salim (died in the accident) and Jeena Rani (wife of Salim). One Francis is the owner of the ambassador car while its driver was one Abbas. The passengers in the ambassador car were Mohammed Rafeeque and K.K.Pareed Kutty. United India Insurance Co.Ltd, is the insurer of the maruthi car, while National Insurance Co. Ltd. is the insurer of the ambassador car.

3. The owner of the Maruti car Razool filed OP(MV) 1349/1994 before the MACT, Mavelikkara, claiming compensation for the damage sustained to the Maruti car and the same was dismissed by the Tribunal. Niyas, the driver of Maruti car who sustained injuries in the accident filed OP(MV).1376/1994 which was dismissed on the ground that the accident occurred due to his own negligence. Aggrieved by the above Award, he preferred MACA 2528/2009 and the same was already dismissed by this court. Minor Imtiaz sustained injuries in the accident and in that respect, OP(MV).1378/1994 was filed by the Power of Attorney holder of the guardian of the minor. The Tribunal dismissed the above OP holding that the father of the minor was the Power of Attorney holder of the owner of the Maruti car, Razool.

4. Aggrieved by the above dismissal of the OP, MACA 2532/2009 was filed. 4. The legal representatives of deceased Salim namely, his parents and siblings filed OP(MV).1379/1994 in which the wife was impleaded as additional 4th respondent. The said O.P was allowed by the Tribunal. Against the said award none of the parties filed any appeal. The wife of Salim, Smt. Jeena Rani filed a separate OP(MV).1425/1994 claiming compensation in respect of the death of her husband. The said OP was dismissed by the Tribunal on the ground that she was awarded a part of the compensation in OP(MV).1379/1994. Aggrieved by the order of the Tribunal dismissing OP(MV).1425/1994, she preferred MACA 2323/2009. United India Insurance Co.Ltd, the insurer of the Maruti car filed MACA 1693/2008 against award of the Tribunal in OP(MV).1379/1993. Jeena Rani in her personal capacity filed OP(MV) 1380/1994 claiming compensation for the injuries sustained by her as a passenger in the maruti car. The said OP was allowed by the Tribunal and a compensation of Rs.3,75,500/- was awarded against the insurer of the maruthi car. Aggrieved by the above award, United India Insurance Co.Ltd, the insurer of the Maruti car preferred MACA 1694/2008.

5. The driver of the Maruti car Abbas filed OP(MV).981/1994 claiming compensation for the injuries sustained by him. Muhammed Rafeeq and K.K.Pareethkutty, the passengers in the Ambassador car filed OP(MV) 383/1995 and 385/1995 respectively, claiming compensation for the injuries sustained by them. Awards passed by the Tribunal in the above three OPs were not challenged by any the parties.

6. In the common award, there is specific finding by the Tribunal that the accident occurred due to the negligence of Niyas, the driver of the Maruti car. It was in the above context OP(MV)1376/1994 filed by Niyas was dismissed by the Tribunal. Similarly, the claim of Razool, the owner of the Maruti car, in OP(MV)1

Click Here to Read the rest of this document
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top