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2025 Supreme(Ker) 1915

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM 
EASWARAN S., J.
Kanjiramullakandy Sarada Amma W/o. Mohanan Nair - Appellant
Vs.
P.T.Sreenivasan Nair S/o. Karunakaran Nair - Respondent
RSA No.874 of 2015
Decided On : 11-06-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : SRI.B.KRISHNA MANI
For the Respondent: SHRI.B.V.JOY SANKAR, SHRI.B.KRISHNAN , SRI.T.M.VELAYUDHAN, SHRI.B.V.JOY SANKAR (B/O)

The propounder of a Will must dispel any suspicious circumstances surrounding its execution; failure to do so results in rejection of the Will.

Headnote:(A) Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 68 - Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Section 63(c) - Partition suit - Validity of Will executed by deceased - The trial court found inconsistencies and suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the Will, leading to its rejection - The burden of proof lies on the propounder to dispel suspicion, which was not satisfactorily done. (Paras 6, 17, 30)

(B) Legal principles regarding the proof of Wills - The propounder must examine at least one attesting witness, and if suspicious circumstances arise, they must be dispelled to uphold the Will. (Paras 14, 26, 29)

Facts of the case:
The suit for partition arose after the death of Karunakaran Nair, who left behind multiple wives and children, with disputes over property ownership and the validity of a Will. The plaintiff sought partition due to joint possession of the property. (Paras 1-5)

Findings of Court:
The trial court rejected the Will based on inconsistencies in witness testimonies and the burden of proof not being met by the propounder. The appellate court upheld this finding. (Paras 6, 30)

Issues: The primary issues addressed were the validity of the Will and the legal status of the parties as heirs. (Paras 6, 30)

Ratio Decidendi: The court affirmed that the propounder of a Will must dispel any suspicious circumstances surrounding its execution, and failure to do so results in rejection of the Will. (Paras 17, 30)

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. the factual background of the partition suit involving karunakaran nair's heirs. (Para 1 , 2)
2. defendants contest the property description and legal heir status. (Para 3)
3. trial court framed issues for determination in the partition suit. (Para 4 , 5)
4. arguments regarding the validity of the will and the burden of proof. (Para 8 , 9)
5. court focused on the validity of the will in the appeal. (Para 10 , 11)
6. proof requirements for establishing a will's validity. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
7. legal standards for attesting witnesses in will execution. (Para 15 , 16)
8. suspicious circumstances in will execution require careful scrutiny. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
9. burden of proof shifts when suspicious circumstances arise. (Para 21 , 22)
10. analysis of whether the 1st defendant met the burden of proof. (Para 24 , 25)
11. the court's analysis of the evidence presented regarding the will. (Para 26 , 27)
12. final assessment of the will's validity and the burden of proof. (Para 28 , 29)
13. conclusion that the appeal lacks merit and is dismissed. (Para 30)

JUDGMENT :

EASWARAN S., J.

The supplementary defendants 22, 23 and 26 to 28 in a suit for partition are the appellants herein.

2. The brief facts necessary for the disposal of the appeal are as follows:

The plaint schedule property comprised in item Nos.1 to 9 belonged to Karuvarakandiyil Karunakaran Nair. While so, Karunakaran Nair expired on 20.8.1985 leaving behind the plaintiff and the defendants as his legal heirs. Late Karunakaran Nair had three wives. The first wife, namely Lakshmibai, expired and defendants 1 to 4 are the children born to Karunakaran Nair from Lakshmibai. The 5th and 11th defendants are the 2nd and 3rd wives of late Karunakaran Nair and defendant Nos.6 to 10 and defendant Nos.12 to 21 are the children born out of the said wedlocks. The plaint schedule property are in joint possession of the plaintiff and the defendants. Before the death of Karunakaran Nair, he never made any arrangements or executed any document by way of gift or Will bequeathing the properties to his legal heirs. Since the plaintiff did not want to continue the joint possession of the properties, on 15.8.2004, a lawyer notice was issued seeking partition. Since the defendants were not amenable to it, the suit was filed.

Contentions of the defendants

3. Late Karunakaran Nair had properties apart from those included as item Nos.1 to 9 in the plaint. An extent of 96.5 cents comprised in re-survey No.21/4 along with item No.5 of the plaint schedule property is not included in the suit. The extent of property shown in item No.3 in the plaint, having an extent of 1.3… Acre is not correct. In fact, the correct extent is 2.6‰ Acres. Likewise, the description of item No.7 is also not correct; instead of 1.59 Acres, it is 2.10 Acres. Moreover, an extent of 1.52 Acres in Narakkod Amsom Desom is not seen included in the plaint property. The status of plaintiff and defendants 5 to 21 as the legal heirs of Karunakaran Nair was denied. It was also denied that Karunakaran Nair had three wives. In fact, according to the defendants, Karanakaran Nair had only one wife named Lakshmibai, who is the mother of defendant Nos.1 to 4. The plaintiff is not entitled to partition of the property into 22 equal shares. Karunakaran Nair had no relationship, whatsoever, with the 5th and 11th defendants and never solemnised any marriage with them. As far as item No.6 of the plaint schedule property is concerned, it was contended that late Karunakaran Nair executed a Will on 14.7.1985. Since defendant Nos.1 to 3 were residing at Bombay, the plaint schedule property as well as the properties not included therein were being managed by the plaintiff and other defendants. The averment that the 1st defendant had declined to sign the partition deed on 20.8.2004 was also denied.

4. On behalf of the plaintiff, Exts.A1 to A44 were marked and PW1 was examined. On behalf of the defendants, Exts.B1 to B5 were marked and DW1 to DW3 w

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