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2025 Supreme(Mad) 5527

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
M.JOTHIRAMAN, J.
Savithiri – Appellant 
Versus
C.Varadharaj – Respondent
A.S.No.40 of 2020
Decided On : 19-08-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. V.Sivakumar
For the Respondents: Mr. C.R.Prasannan

The burden lies on the propounder of a Will to prove its validity under Sections 68 and 69 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872; registration alone does not establish authenticity.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 96 - Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Sections 68 and 69 - Partition suit - Plaintiffs entitled to partition and permanent injunction as defendants failed to prove validity of Will. Trial Court found plaintiffs lawful heirs, thus entitled to 2/3 share. (Paras 1, 8, 14, 24)

(B) Burden of proof - Propounder of Will must establish its execution as per legal mandates, absent valid attesting witnesses. Mere registration does not validate Will without proof of due execution. (Paras 18, 21)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs filed a suit for partition of property originally belonging to Karae Gowder, who was alleged to have died intestate, whereas defendants contended he executed a Will. The trial court ruled in favor of plaintiffs, granting 2/3 inheritance share.

Findings of Court:
Trial court upheld plaintiffs' claim of intestacy, ruling defendants could not prove Will, thus affirming the right of plaintiffs to partition.

Issues: 1. Are plaintiffs entitled to partition? 2. Is the Will validly proved?

Ratio Decidendi: Court emphasized that validations around Wills require stringent proof and that mere registration without proper evidentiary support is inadequate for establishing its legitimacy.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. appeal regarding partition and injunction. (Para 1)
2. background of property ownership and inheritance. (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
3. defendants' claim of property ownership through will. (Para 5 , 6)
4. issues framed for trial. (Para 7)
5. trial court's findings on will execution. (Para 8)
6. defendants' arguments related to the will. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
7. points for determination in the appeal. (Para 12 , 13)
8. ownership of property and will's validity. (Para 14 , 15)
9. requirements for proving a will. (Para 16 , 17)
10. burden of proof on propounders of the will. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
11. legal standards regarding suspicious circumstances. (Para 21 , 22 , 23)
12. conclusion of the appeal suit. (Para 24)

JUDGMENT :

Unsuccessful defendants have preferred the present appeal. The suit is filed for partition and for permanent injunction. The trial Court decreed the suit for directing the division of the suit property into three equal shares and one such share shall be allotted to the plaintiffs 1 to 3 and one such share shall be allotted to the 4th plaintiff. The plaintiffs are entitled for the relief of permanent injunction in respect of their 2/3rd share in the suit properties till the passing of final decree. The parties are referred as per their ranking in the trial Court.

2. The brief case of the plaintiffs is as follows:The suit property is originally belonged to one Karae Gowder by virtue of a registered sale deed dated 02.04.1963. He died on 08.08.1988. He had two sons viz., Chinnasamy and Palanisamy respectively and one daughter viz., Rathinam/4th plaintiff herein. The said Chinnasamy pre-deceased his father on 27.06.1986, and the said Chinnasamy's widow also died on 01.10.1995. On the death of Karae Gowder, the following were the legal and natural heirs:

a. Widow Nanjammal @ Nanjakkal

b. Children of pre-deceased Chinnasamy

c. daughter Rathinam/4th plaintiff

d. Palanisamy – second son – he died later on 08.03.2011

e. Palanisamy's heirs are defendants No.1 Widow, No.2. Son and No.3 Daughter.

3. The daughters of Plaintiff No.4 and children of the sons defendants 1 to 3 succeeded as heirs of the each group becoming entitled to get 1/3 share. The second defendant died intestate and the 6th defendant is also one of the heir of the second defendant.

4. The second defendant had purported to execute an alleged settlement deed dated 29.11.2013 of a portion of a suit property to his wife 4th defendant. The second defendant had also executed an alleged sale deed dated 28.03.2013 for another portion of the suit property to the 5th defendant (who is the husband of one Jayalakshmi/3rd defendant herein). The second defendant pretends and reacts as if Karae Gowder had executed an alleged Will dated 29.06.1987 in favour of the second defendant alone. The said Karae Gowder had never executed any Will and he had suffered from Cancer for more than three years before death and never in a physical or mental condition and he was under the care and custody of the 4th plaintiff. A registered general power of attorney dated 13.06.2008 among others by the son Palanisamy and daughter, the 4th plaintiff and the plaintiffs 1 to 3 and defendants 2 and 3 in which categorical declaration is Karae Gowder died interstate. A declaration executed before a Notary Advocate on 07.05.2008 by the son Palanisamy, father of the second defendant and 4th plaintiff and plaintiffs 1 to 3, are declaring that the said Karae Gowder died intestate. The alleged deed of settlement and alleged sale are void and cannot affect the 2/3 share of the plaintiffs. The defendants 4 and 5 cannot derive any title and at anyrate only the 1/3rd share of Palanisamy. Hence, the suit.

5. The brief case of the defendants is as follows:

The written statement filed by the second defendant is adopted by the defendants 1, 3 to 5. They denied that the said Karae Gowder died intestate. The widow of Karae Gowder also died on 28.08.1996 and 4th plaintiff and defendants 1 to 3 succeeded as heirs, but it is deni

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