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2025 Supreme(Ker) 2137

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
ANIL K. NARENDRAN, MURALEE KRISHNA S., JJ.
The Malappuram District Co-Operative Bank - Appellant
Versus
Kerala State Co-Operative Employees Pension Board - Respondent
R.P. No. 402 of 2025
Decided On : 19-08-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : P.C. Sasidharan
For the Respondents: Abraham P. Meachinkara, John Joseph, M. Sasindran, Jayasree K.P.

Review jurisdiction is strictly limited to errors apparent on the face of the record and does not allow for rehearing or reargument of previously decided issues.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order XLVII Rule 1 and Section 114 - Review petition - Appellant sought review of a prior judgment alleging error apparent on the face of the record regarding the transfer of employers’ contributions and interest. Held, grounds for review not established; there was no sufficient reason to review the judgment as per statutory provisions. (Paras 1, 6, 17)

(B) Review Jurisdiction - Limitations - It was reiterated that review does not permit a rehearing of the matter on merits or rearguments of questions already decided, aligning with precedents from the Supreme Court. (Paras 10, 12, 16)

Facts of the case:
The appellant bank challenged the judgment dismissing its writ appeal and confirming the order for the payment of arrears of employers’ contribution with interest to former employees. The sole ground was an alleged error regarding the delay in remitting the contribution, attributed to another party.

Findings of Court:
The Court found no persuasive reason to review the earlier decision and noted that the errors claimed did not meet the threshold for review.

Issues: The primary issue was whether the appellant adequately demonstrated any error or new matter justifying review under the relevant provisions of the CPC.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court emphasized that review power is limited and cannot be leveraged to relitigate or reinterpret past decisions without evident error or new evidence. The review petition lacked substantive grounds as defined under the CPC.

Result: Review petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. petition filed under order xlvii for review. (Para 1)
2. errors in earlier judgment concerning transfers. (Para 3)
3. respondents argue against bank's claims. (Para 4)
4. conditions under which review may be granted. (Para 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. provisions under cpc for review. (Para 7 , 8)
6. court finds grounds for review insufficient. (Para 17)
7. review petition dismissed. (Para 18)

ORDER :

1. The appellant in W.A.No.407 of 2024 filed this review petition under Order XLVII Rule 1 read with Section 114 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, seeking review of the judgment dated 06.02.2025 passed by this Court in the writ appeal, claiming that there is an error apparent on the face of the record in that judgment.

2. Heard the learned counsel for the review petitioner/appellant, the respective Standing Counsel for respondents 1 and 2 and the learned counsel for respondents 3 to5.

3. The learned counsel for the petitioner would submit that in the judgment dated 24.11.2023 passed by the learned Single Judge in W.P.(C) No.7523 of 2023 the proceedings issued by the Kerala State Co-operative Employees Pension Board ordering the petitioner to pay a sum of Rs.15,34,235/- with 10% annual interest being the arrears of employers’ contribution in respect of respondents 3 to 5 who were former employees of the Bank was found as in order and thereby dismissed the writ petition. Challenging that judgment, the petitioner filed W.A. No.407 of 2024. Concurring with the findings of the learned Single Judge, this Court dismissed the writ appeal. However, this Court had failed to note that the 2nd respondent has already transferred the employers’ contribution with accrued interest to the 1st respondent Board on 09.08.2024. The delay in transferring that amount was on the part of the 2nd respondent and not on the part of the petitioner Bank. The 2nd respondent is yet to transfer the contributions relating to the remaining employees of the Bank. Therefore, casting the liability to pay interest on the petitioner, for the delay committed by the 2nd respondent, is without proper appreciation of the materials on record. In the judgment, reliance was placed on the remittance of a sum of Rs.1,08,97,662/- made by the erstwhile Thiruvananthapuram District Co-operative Bank towards interest on the pension fund arrears of 36 employees as calculated by the 1st respondent in Ext.R1(a) order dated 26.11.2022. The said reliance placed in the judgment is also an error apparent on the face of the record. The decision pertaining to Thiruvananthapuram District Co-operative Bank was taken pursuant to the meeting held on 04.08.2022 between the representatives of the Co-operative Department and Pension Board. Moreover, in the case Thiruvananthapuram District Co- operative Bank, there was delay on the part of the Bank in remitting the amount received from the Employees Provident Fund Organisation to the Pension Board. But in the instant case, there is no such delay on the part of the petitioner bank.

4. On the other hand the learned counsel for respondents 3 to 5 submitted that as per Clause 29 of the pension scheme the petitioner Bank was required to transfer the employers’ contribution along with interest accrued from employees provident fund to the pension fund within 1½ years from 30.06.2009, failing which the Bank was liable to pay the defaulted amount with interest at 24% which was later reduced to 10% compound interest. The Petitioner Bank had not taken any steps to get the amount transferred from the 2nd respondent Employees Provident Fund Organisation to the 1st respondent Board within time. If the delay is on the part of the 2nd respondent, the Bank ought to have proceeded against the 2nd respondent. Due to the default by the petitioner Bank, respondents 3 to 5 were compelled to remit the employers’ contribution with interest from their personal funds to avoid delay in pension disbursal. There is no error in the judgment, which wa

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