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2026 Supreme(Ker) 831

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
JOBIN SEBASTIAN, J.
Aniyan @ Varghese Madathilethu Veedu – Appellant
Versus
State of Kerala – Respondent
Crl. Rev. Pet. No. 2366 of 2007
Decided On : 03-06-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Jacob P. Alex
For the Respondent: Anima M.

Revisional jurisdiction is supervisory and precludes reappreciation of evidence unless lower court findings are perverse. The non-recovery of a weapon is not fatal to a conviction for causing hurt where credible testimony of injured witnesses is supported by consistent medical evidence.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Sections 397 and 401 - Revisional jurisdiction - Scope of - Revisional court acts only in supervisory capacity to correct illegality or impropriety - It cannot act as an appellate court to reappreciate evidence unless findings of lower courts are perverse or wholly unreasonable. (Para 8, 9)

(B) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 324 and 34 - Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapon - Common intention - Accompanying co-accused to the scene of occurrence with intent to attack sufficiently establishes common intention - Non-recovery of the weapon used for the offence is not fatal to the prosecution when ocular evidence of injured witnesses is consistent and corroborated by medical evidence. (Para 13, 14, 15, 18)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, being the second accused, was convicted by the trial court for offences of criminal trespass and causing hurt with a dangerous weapon, which was later confirmed by the appellate court. The petitioner challenged the conviction in revision, contending that the witnesses were biased and the weapon used during the commissioning of the crime was never recovered.

Findings of Court:
The evidence of injured witnesses is given a special status as they typically do not falsely implicate innocents while the real culprits escape. Given that the ocular testimony of the victims was mutually corroborative and supported by medical reports regarding the injuries sustained at the time of the incident, the conviction is well-founded. Regarding the sentence, the court observed that while maintaining the conviction, the original sentence was harsh, warranting a modification given the circumstances.

Issues: Whether the revisional court should reappreciate evidence and interfere with concurrent findings of the lower courts, and whether the non-recovery of the weapon of offence is fatal to the prosecution’s case.

Ratio Decidendi: Revisional jurisdiction is limited to correcting manifest errors of law or material irregularity. Ocular testimony of injured witnesses is highly reliable if consistently corroborated by medical evidence, and the inability of the prosecution to recover the weapon used does not invalidate the conviction under the relevant penal provisions for causing hurt, provided the case is otherwise proven.

Result: Revision petition allowed in part; conviction upheld with modified sentence.

Table of Content
1. procedural history and factual background of the case overview. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. summary of competing submissions from revision petitioner and state. (Para 6 , 7)
3. scope and limitation of the high court's revisional jurisdiction. (Para 8)
4. evidentiary weight of injured witnesses and medical corroboration. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
5. proving common intention under section 34 of the ipc. (Para 13)
6. impact of weapon non-recovery on maintaining a criminal conviction. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
7. judicial discretion and guidelines regarding sentencing modification. (Para 19 , 20)

ORDER :

1. This Criminal Revision Petition has been filed under Sections 397 and 401 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, challenging the judgment dated 28.04.2007 in Criminal Appeal No. 325 of 2005 on the file of the Additional Sessions Judge (Ad hoc), Fast Track Court–II, Pathanamthitta, arising out of C.C. No. 478 of 2003 on the file of the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court–II, Pathanamthitta. The revision petitioner herein is the 2nd accused in the above case.

2. The prosecution case, in brief, is that on 15.06.2003 at about 8.40 p.m., the accused, in furtherance of their common intention, criminally trespassed into the courtyard of the house of PW1 to PW3 situated at Thekkuthodu Ward in Thannithodu Panchayath. It is alleged that the 1st accused inflicted an injury on the left leg of PW3 with a chopper. Thereafter, the 2nd accused inflicted injuries on the left upper arm, chest, and left ear of PW1 with a chopper, and the 1st accused inflicted injuries on the lip and forehead of PW2 with a chopper. The motive alleged is previous enmity arising from the marriage of the sister of the accused with PW3, which was a love marriage. Thus, the accused are alleged to have committed offences punishable under Sections 447 and 324 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code.

3. During the trial, the prosecution examined eight witnesses as PWs 1 to 8 and marked Exts. P1 to P6. The learned Magistrate, on appreciation of the evidence, found the 2nd accused guilty of offences punishable under Sections 324 read with Section 34 of the IPC and convicted him. The case against the 1st accused was split up and refiled. 2nd accused was sentenced to undergo simple imprisonment for six months and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- for the offence under Section 324 read with . In default of payment of the fine, the accused was sentenced to undergo simple imprisonment for a further period of one month. For the offence under Section 447, the 2nd accused was sentenced to undergo simple imprisonment for three months. It was further directed that the substantive sentences shall run concurrently. It was also ordered that, if the fine amount is realised, Rs. 1,000/- each shall be paid to PW1 and PW2 and Rs. 500/- to PW3 as compensation under Section 357(1)(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

4. Aggrieved by the said judgment, the accused preferred Criminal Appeal No. 325 of 2005 before the Sessions Court, Pathanamthitta. The learned Additional Sessions Judge (Ad hoc), Fast Track–II, Pathanamthitta, dismissed the appeal, confirming the conviction and sentence imposed on the appellant/2nd accused. Aggrieved thereby, the 2nd accused has preferred the present revision petition.

5. Heard Sri. Jacob P. Alex, learned counsel for the revision petitioner, and Smt. Anima M., learned Public Prosecutor. The records have also been perused.

6. The learned counsel for the revision petitioner submitted that both the trial court and the appellate court erred in appreciating the evidence in its proper perspective and recorded a conviction without proper evaluation of the facts and circumstances of the case. According to the learned counsel, both the said courts had placed reliance on the evidence of PW1 to PW3 without taking note of the fact that they are interested witnesses and their evidence is not corroborated by other independent evidence.

7. Per contra, the learned Public Pros

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