IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JODHPUR
PUSHPENDRA SINGH BHATI, J.
Smt. Sohani – Petitioner
Versus
Shambhu Lal – Respondent
S.B. Criminal Revision Petition No. 814 of 2013
Decided On : 12-05-2022
Code of Criminal Procedure,1898 - Section 125, 488 - Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 - Section 7(1) - Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – Order for Maintenance of Wives, children and parents - Ceremonies for a Hindu marriage - Whether living together of a man and woman as husband and wife for a considerable period of time would raise presumption of a valid marriage between them - Whether such a presumption would entitle woman to maintenance under Section 125, Cr.P.C. - Whether strict proof of marriage is essential for a claim of maintenance under Section 125, Cr.P.C. having regard to provisions of Domestic Violence Act, 2005 - Whether a marriage performed according to customary rites and ceremonies, without strictly fulfilling requisites of Section 7(1) of Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, or any other personal law would entitle the woman to maintenance under Section 125, Cr.P.C – Held, This Court after hearing counsel for petitioner and perusing judgment cited in Badshah (supra) as well as provisions of Domestic Violence Act, which may not have a direct bearing but atleast on scheme of law that once a customary marriage has been recognized in number of communities and it is an admitted position, then trial court ought to have given her protection under Section 125 Cr.P.C. Further, Hon’ble Apex Court has also held that prolong relationship even without marriage has to be considered as marriage and this is a case where ‘nata’ marriage is admitted by both parties.
ORDER :
1. The petitioner has preferred this revision petition for the following relief:
2. Despite service, none appears for the respondent.
3. Counsel for the petitioner has shown Para-9 of the impugned order, which reads as follows:
4. Counsel for the petitioner submits that ‘nata’ marriage is admitted between the parties but at the same time the learned trial court has proceeded declaring the marriage to be illegal, thus, dismissing the application for maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C.
5. Counsel for the petitioner has relied upon judgment of Hon’ble Apex Court in Badshah vs. Sou. Urmila Badshah Godse and Another, passed on 18.10.2013 in Criminal Miscellaneous Petition No. 19530/2013 in Special Leave Petition (Crl.) No. 8596/2013; relevant portion whereof reads as follows:
“The validity of the marriage for the purpose of summary proceeding under s.125 Cr.P.C. is to be determined on the basis of the evidence brought on record by the parties. The standard of proof of marriage in such proceeding is not as strict as is required in a trial of offence under section 494 of the IPC. If the claimant in proceedings under s.125 of the Code succeeds in showing that she and the respondent have lived together as husband and wife, the court can presume that they are legally wedded spouse, and in such a situation, the party who denies the marital status can rebut the presumption. Once it is admitted that the marriage procedure was followed then it is not necessary to further probe into whether the said procedure was complete as per the Hindu Rites in the proceedings under S.125, Cr.P.C. From the evidence which is led if the Magistrate is prima facie satisfied with regard to the performance of marriage in proceedings under S.125, Cr.P.C. which are of summary nature strict proof of performance of essential rites is not required.
It is further held:
It is to be remembered that the order passed in an application under section 125 Cr.P.C. does not finally determine the rights and obligations of the parties and the said section is enacted with a view to provide summary remedy for providing maintenance to a wife, children and parents. For the purpose of getting his rights determined, the appellant has also filed Civil Suit which is spending before the trial court. In such a situation, this Court in S. Sethurathinam Pillai vs. Barbara alias Dolly Sethurathinam, (1971) 3 SCC 923, observed that maintenance under section 488, Cr.P.C. 1898 (similar to Section 125, Cr.P.C.) cannot be denied where there was some evidence on which conclusion for grant of maintenance could be reached. It was held that order passed under Section 488 is a summary order which does not finally determine the rights and obligations of the parties; the decision of the criminal Court that there was a valid marriage between the parties will not op
S. Sethurathinam Pillai vs. Barbara alias Dolly Sethurathinam
The Court clarified that a second wife whose marriage is void due to the survival of the first marriage is not entitled to maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. The Court emphasized the need for stri....
Point of law: in the absence of material to show that the respondent's alieged first marriage with Smt. Prameela said to have taken place in 1974 was to the knowledge of the petitioner in the Family ....
`(1) Only a legally wedded wife can claim maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C.(2) Decree of divorce can only be granted by Court and divorce by agreement is not valid in eyes of law.
Once such presumption of a lawful marriage commenced to operate in favour of a marriage which has taken place in fact, such a presumption alone would be good enough to entitle the wife to maintain.
The court affirmed that maintenance under Section 125 of Cr.P.C. can be granted based on a less stringent standard of proof for marriage, emphasizing social justice for women.
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