2022 Supreme(Raj) 851
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JODHPUR
SANDEEP MEHTA, FARJAND ALI, JJ.
Bhoop Ram S/o Devi Lal – Appellant
Versus
State of Rajasthan – Respondent
D.B. Criminal Appeal No. 487 of 1989
Decided On : 21-10-2022
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Jagdish Vishnoi.
For the Respondents: R.R. Chhaparwal, Pritam Solanki.
Headnote:
Circumstantial Evidence - Murder - Section 302 IPC, Section 201 IPC - [Criminal Appeal No. 195/1960 titled as K.M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1962 SC 605, Hanumant Govind Nargundkar vs. State of M.P. AIR 1952 SC 343] - The court discussed the theory of circumstantial evidence and the cardinal principles propounded by the Supreme Court. It emphasized the need for circumstantial evidence to be cogently and firmly established, of a definite tendency pointing towards the guilt of the accused, and forming a complete chain leaving no escape from the conclusion of the accused's guilt. The court scrutinized the circumstances and evidence against the accused, highlighting the lack of motive, the dubious nature of extra-judicial confessions, and the questionable recovery of incriminating items. It concluded that the prosecution failed to prove any incriminating circumstance against the appellant, leading to the acquittal of the accused.
Fact of the Case:
The appellant Bhoop Ram was convicted and sentenced for the murder of Gopi Ram. The prosecution's case was based on circumstantial evidence as there were no eye-witnesses. The appellant appealed against his conviction and sentencing.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the prosecution failed to prove any incriminating circumstance against the appellant, leading to his acquittal.
Issues: The issues revolved around the sufficiency and credibility of the circumstantial evidence presented by the prosecution, including motive, extra-judicial confessions, and the recovery of incriminating items.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the need for circumstantial evidence to be cogently and firmly established, of a definite tendency pointing towards the guilt of the accused, and forming a complete chain leaving no escape from the conclusion of the accused's guilt. It concluded that the prosecution failed to meet this standard.
Final Decision: The appellant Bhoop Ram was acquitted from the charges under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC. His bail bonds were discharged, and he was directed to furnish a personal bond in the sum of Rs. 40,000/- and a surety bond in the like amount before the trial court.
JUDGMENT :
FARJAND ALI, J.
1. The appellant Bhoop Ram has been convicted and sentenced as below vide the impugned judgment dated 11.12.1989 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Hanumangarh in Sessions Case No. 63/1986.
| Offence for which convicted | Sentence awarded |
| Section 302 IPC | Life imprisonment alongwith a fine of Rs. 200/- and in default of payment of fine, further to undergo rigorous imprisonment of two months. |
| Section 201 IPC | Two years’ rigorous imprisonment alongwith a fine of Rs. 200/- and in default of payment of fine, further to undergo rigorous imprisonment of two months. |
| Both the sentences were to run concurrently. | |
2. Being aggrieved of his conviction and the sentences awarded to him, the appellant has preferred the instant appeal under Section 374(2) of Cr.P.C.
3. Brief facts relevant and essential for disposal of the instant appeal are that on 16.08.1986, Bheem Singh (PW-10), SHO, Police Station Hanumangarh Town was on patrolling duty along with other constables of the police station. At about 7:30 p.m. when they reached at Village Munde, he noticed that some people had gathered near the wine shop. Upon inquiry, they disclosed that Villa which was situated near the wine shop was reeking and some blood was also splattered over there. After this, Nathu Ram called Carpenter Heera Lal, who broke the lock of the Villa and a dead body was found lying on the floor which was discoloured and full of foul smell. Constable Rajendra identified the dead-body to be of one Gopi Ram Jat R/o Village Munde, who was working as salesman at the wine shop. Sharp edged injuries were noticed on the face of the deceased which gave rise to the assumption that Gopi Ram had been murdered by an unknown person on the intervening night of 14-15 August, 1986 and after commission of murder, his dead body was placed in the Villa.
4. On the basis of the above, an FIR No. 155/1986 (Ex.P/4) came to be registered at the Police Station Hanumangarh Town, District Sri Ganganagar and investigation commenced. Accused-appellant Bhoop Ram was arrested on 31.08.1986 and after conclusion of investigation, a charge-sheet was filed against him in the Court of the Magistrate concerned for the offences under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC. As the offences under Sections 302 and 201 IPC were exclusively triable by the court of Sessions, the case was committed to the Court of Sessions Judge, Sri Ganganagar from where it was transferred to the Court of Additional Sessions Judge No. 2, Hanumangarh for trial. The trial court framed charges against the accused for the above mentioned offences. The accused pleaded not guilty and claimed trial. The prosecution examined as many as 11 witnesses and exhibited 27 documents to prove its case. The accused was questioned under Section 313 Cr.P.C. and was confronted with the circumstances appearing against him in the prosecution evidence. He denied the same and claimed to be innocent. Only one witness was examined in defence and some documents were tendered into evidence. After hearing the arguments advanced by the Public Prosecutor and the defence counsel and appreciating the evidence available on record, the learned trial court proceeded to convict and sentence the accused-appellant as above. Hence, this appeal.
5. Mr. Jagdish Vishnoi, learned counsel representing the appellant, vehemently and fervently submitted that the entire case of the prosecution is false and fabricated. The FIR was lodged after an undue delay of two days and there is no tangible explanation for causing delay in lodging of the FIR. He submitted that the eye-witness account of the incident is not available on record and the circumstances put forth against the appellant are neither definite in tendency nor conclusive in nature. There was no motive for the appellant to commit the murder of Gopi Ram. He further