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2023 Supreme(Raj) 2023

IN THE HIGH COURT OF RAJASTHAN AT JAIPUR BENCH
SAMEER JAIN, J.
Commercial Taxes officer, Circle-A, Jaipur - Petitioner
Versus
M/s Bharti Hexacom Limited - Respondent
S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 42 of 2022, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 46 of 2022, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 47 of 2022 and S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 59 of 2022, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 81 of 2018, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 82 of 2018, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 83 of 2018, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 84 of 2018 and S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 85 of 2018, S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 291 of 2018 and S.B. Sales Tax Revision/Reference No. 296 of 2018
Decided On : 25-01-2023

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. Punit Singhvi with Mr. Ayush Singh, Mr. Akshay Singh, Mr. Swapnil S. Sharma, Advocates.
For the Respondent:Mr. Sanjay Jhanwar, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Wilson Roy, Mr. Rahul Lakhwani, Mr. Vivek Singhal, Advocates.

Headnote:(A) Rajasthan Value Added Tax Act, 2003 - Section 2(15) - Taxation of artificially created light energy (ACLE) - Revenue petitioner contended ACLE is taxable as 'goods' under RVAT Act - Tax Board held ACLE not to be 'goods', aligning with Karnataka High Court's judgment—no sale of goods occurred. (Paras 2, 9, 10, 11)

(B) Judicial consistency - Taxation of data transmission services does not include the intermediary electromagnetic waves as goods, as per judicial precedents - Both service tax and VAT are mutually exclusive. (Paras 5, 10, 11)

Facts of the case:
Assessment orders taxing ACLE as goods were challenged, where revenue argued ACLE operates similarly to electrical energy—debate centered around applicability of previous judgments by Karnataka HC and APEX in defining ACLE as tangible within tax law context.

Findings of Court:
Judgment from Karnataka HC is applicable; ACLE is not a deliverable good as per judicial precedent, and hence, cannot be taxed under RVAT Act. Tax Board's decision dismisses the revenue's claims for taxation.

Issues: The key issues were whether ACLE qualifies as 'goods' under tax laws and whether data transmission can be deemed taxable under the RVAT Act.

Ratio Decidendi: The court established that ACLE is akin to electromagnetic waves, ruling that it does not fall within the scope of goods as defined, thereby upholding the Tax Board’s decision.

Result: Sales Tax Revisions are dismissed.

Table of Content
1. definition and nature of acle (Para 1 , 2)
2. arguments on legality of acle as goods (Para 3 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. court’s assessment of previous judgments (Para 4 , 8 , 9)
4. judgment on applicability of vat and final decision (Para 10 , 11 , 12)

ORDER :

(Sameer Jain, J.)

Present revision petitions were admitted on following question of law:-

    "(i) Whether the Tax Board was justified in law in holding that Artificially Created Light Energy (ACLE) is not a "Good" and hence is no taxable under RVAT Act?

    (ii) Whether the Tax Board was justified in law in holding that sale of Data Transmission through OFC using ACLE is not a "Deemed Sale" under RVAT Act?"

2. It is the case of the revenue-petitioner that light carrier/ACLE, used by telecommunication companies like the present assessee-respondent, is a movable property capable of being guided from point to point, having all the stipulated attributes of goods like abstraction, possession, transfer, use, delivery, etc., and works very much like 'electric energy' and therefore is liable to be treated as 'goods' as defined under Section 2 (15) of the Rajasthan Value Added Tax Act, 2003 (in short "RVAT Act") and taxed accordingly.

3. On previous occasions, learned counsel for the assessee-respondent had submitted that the lis in question is squarely covered by the judgment of Karnataka High Court in the assessee's own case reported in (2011) 44 VST 486 (Karnataka) titled as Bharti Airtel Ltd. and Ors. v. The State of Karnataka and Ors. decided on 25.02.2011. Learned counsel for the revenue-petitioner had accordingly sought time to analyze the Karnataka High Court judgment of Bharti Airtel Ltd (supra) and Apex Court judgment of Tata Consultancy Services v. State of Andhra Pradesh. : (2001) 4 SCC 629.

4. In this background, the matter was listed today for final disposal.

5. Learned counsel for the revenue-petitioner submitted that ACLE is abstracted from electrical energy and that ACLE is the heart, soul and life-blood of the contemporary telecommunication. Learned counsel for the revenue-petitioner contended that ACLE is possess able in the same sense as in the case of electricity. Further, ACLE is intentionally and exclusively created by the assessee-respondent for the sole purpose of enabling the customer to transmit data in the network. Learned counsel has relied upon Hon'ble Apex Court judgments of Commissioner of Sales Tax, Madhya Pradesh, Indore v. Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board , Jabalpur: (1969) 1 SCC 200 and State of A.P. and Ors. v. National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. and Ors.: (2002) 5 SCC 203 to submit that the Apex Court has declared 'electricity' as 'goods', leviable to VAT. Learned counsel submitted that, in simple terms, electrical energy is a flow of electrons whereas ACLE is flow of photons and hence it is a good, just like electricity. It was argued that looking to the pith and substance of contract in question, it is unambiguous that the said transaction of data transmission using ACLE and OFC technology falls under Entry 54, Lisy -II of Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, which is the exclusive jurisdiction of the State. It was further argued that the intent of the State Legislature was to levy VAT @ 12.5% on such composite contract of sale and therefore the telecom contracts for data transmission attracts 12.5% VAT under RVAT Act, of the full contract value as composite cum indivisible contracts of sale. Learned counsel further submit that the Hon'ble Apex Court verdict in the case of BSNL and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.: (2006) 3 SCC 1 is open ended as there were no arguments on the scientific properties of 'radio frequencies' and the empirical evidences available in the public domain in the above proceedings. Learned counsel has also relied upon Karnataka High Court judgment of Antrix Corporation Ltd. v. Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes and Ors.: (2010) 29 VST 308 (Karnataka).

6. Learned counsel for the revenue-petitioner howe

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