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2023 Supreme(Raj) 2227

IN THE HIGH COURT OF RAJASTHAN
Manoj Kumar Garg, J.
Narayan Chavda – Petitioner
Versus
Rita Bhatia – Respondent
S.B. Criminal Misc. (Pet.) No. 5282 of 2019
Decided On : 28-03-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Vishan Das Vaishnav
For the Respondent: H.R. Soni

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 482 - Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 - Section 138 and 143A - Applicability of Section 143A - High Court held Section 143A to be prospective in operation, applicable only where offences are committed post-introduction of Section 143A on 01.09.2018 - Petitioner challenged the trial court's order requiring payment of interim compensation - Trial court's reliance on case law was misplaced as complaint was lodged in 2016 - High Court quashed the trial court's order and directed expeditious trial. (Paras 2, 5, 24)

Facts of the case:
Instant miscellaneous petition was filed against the trial court's order directing the petitioner to deposit 10% of the cheque amount in a case under Section 138. The petitioner argued that since the offence was committed prior to the introduction of Section 143A, the provision was inapplicable.

Findings of Court:
High Court ruled that Section 143A is only applicable to offences occurring after its enactment, quashing the previous order and directing the trial to proceed swiftly.

Issues: The pivotal issue was whether Section 143A is retrospective or prospective concerning offences under Section 138 committed before its enactment.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that making Section 143A applicable retroactively would unjustly penalize individuals for pre-existing conduct, affirming its prospective application.

Result: Miscellaneous petition allowed; the trial court's order was quashed and set aside.

Table of Content
1. petition filed challenging lower court's order. (Para 1)
2. arguments on applicability of section 143a. (Para 2 , 3)
3. court reviewed relevant precedents and statutes. (Para 4 , 5)
4. conclusion and directive for trial court. (Para 6 , 7)

ORDER :

1. Instant misc petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. has been filed by the petitioner against the order dated 08.08.2019 passed by learned Special Metropolitan Magistrate (N.I. Act Cases) No. 2, Jodhpur in Criminal Case No. 1668/2018 whereby, the petitioner was directed to deposit 10% of the cheque amount.

2. Counsel for the petitioner submits that the trial court has referred to the judgment of Hon'ble Apex Court in a recent judgment in the case of G.J. Raja v. Tejraj Surana (Criminal Appeal No. 1160/2019 dated 30.07.2019 has held the Section 143A to be prospective in operation and that the provisions of said Section 143A can be applied or invoked only in cases where the offence Under Section 138 of the Act was committed after the introduction of said Section 143A in the statute book w.e.f 01.09.2018. Since the case is pending since last three years, therefore, the judgment cited by the trial court is not applicable to the case of the petitioner, therefore, the impugned order may be quashed and set aside.

3. Per contra, learned Public Prosecutor does not oppose the submissions made on behalf of the petitioner.

4. I have heard learned counsels for the parties and perused the material on record and gone through judgment passed by the Hon'ble Apex Court.

5. The question which arose before the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of G.J. Raja (Supra) was whether Section 143A of the Act is retrospective in operation and can be invoked in cases where the offences punishable Under Section 138 of the Act were committed much prior to the introduction of Section 143A. Hon'ble Apex Court after considering previous judgments including the case of Surinder Singh Deswal (supra) held as under:

    “14. In the present case, the Complaint was lodged in the year 2016 that is to say, the act constituting an offence had occurred by 2016 whereas, the concerned provision viz. Section 143A of the Act was inserted in the statute book with effect from 01.09.2018. The question that arises therefore is whether Section 143A of the Act is retrospective in operation and can be invoked in cases where the offences punishable Under Section 138 of the Act were committed much prior to the introduction of Section 143A. We are concerned in the present case only with the issue regarding applicability of said Section 143A to offences Under Section 138 of the Act, committed before the insertion of said Section 143A.

    .........

    22. In our view, the applicability of Section 143A of the Act must, therefore, be held to be prospective in nature and confined to cases where offences were committed after the introduction of Section 143A, in order to force an Accused to pay such interim compensation.

    23. We must, however, advert to a decision of this Court in Surinder Singh Deswal and Ors. v. Virender Gandhi : (2019) 8 SCALE 445 where Section 148 of the Act which was also introduced by the same Amendment Act 20 of 2018 from 01.09.2018 was held by this Court to be retrospective in operation. As against Section 143A of the Act which applies at the trial stage that is even before the pronouncement of guilt or order of conviction, Section 148 of the Act applies at the appellate stage where the Accused is already found guilty of the offence Under Section 138 of the Act. It may be stated that there is no provision in Section 148 of the Act which is similar to Sub-Section (5) of Section 143A of the Act. However, as a matter of fact, no such provision akin to Sub-section (5) of Section 143A was required as Sections 421 and 357 of the Code, which apply post-conviction, are adequate to take care of such requirements. In that sense said Section 148 depends upon the existing machinery and principles already in existence and does not create any

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