HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JODHPUR
NUPUR BHATI, J.
Kamal Vaishnav, S/o. Surajdas Vaishnav - Petitioner
Versus
Jawala Dutt Ojha, S/o. Mukunlal Ojha and Ors. – Respondents
S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 17665 Of 2024
Decided On : 25-11-2024
(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Writ petition challenging orders of the learned Senior Civil Judge regarding admissibility of evidence and valuation of the suit - The petitioner contended that the learned Trial Court erred in allowing secondary evidence of a disputed document and in rejecting the preliminary objection regarding undervaluation of the suit - The court found that the learned Trial Court had rightly allowed the application for secondary evidence under Section 65 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and that the burden of proof regarding undervaluation lay with the petitioner - The court upheld the Trial Court's orders, emphasizing the need for proper evidence to establish market value in property disputes. (Paras 4, 8, 14.2.1, 14.3.1)
(B) Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 65 - Secondary evidence - The court ruled that the learned Trial Court acted within its jurisdiction in allowing the photocopy of the patta as secondary evidence, despite challenges to its genuineness, as the issue could be resolved through examination and cross-examination. (Paras 14.1.1, 14.3.2)
Facts of the case:
The writ petition was filed by the petitioner challenging the orders of the learned Trial Court regarding the admissibility of evidence and the valuation of the suit concerning property known as Godhdo ki Bagechi. The respondents filed a suit for possession and recovery of mesne profits against the petitioner.
Findings of Court:
The court found no merit in the petitioner's claims and upheld the Trial Court's orders regarding the admissibility of evidence and valuation of the suit.
Issues: The main issues were the admissibility of secondary evidence and the valuation of the suit.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the learned Trial Court had the authority to allow secondary evidence and that the petitioner failed to prove undervaluation.
Result: The writ petition was dismissed.
ORDER :
(Nupur Bhati, J.)
1. Though the matter has been listed in the "Fresh" category, upon the joint request of the parties, the matter is heard finally, today itself.
2. The writ petition has been filed by the petitioner/defendant no. 1 under Article 226 of the Constitution of India challenging the orders dated 21.02.2014 (Annex.7), 08.10.2014 (Annex.10) and 09.09.2024 (Annex.8) passed by learned Senior Civil Judge No. 2, Jodhpur Metropolitan in Case No. 41/2005.
3. The writ petition has been preferred with the following prayer:
a. By an appropriate writ order and direction the orders dated 8-10-2024 (Annex 10) to the extent of patta admissibility to the extent of patta in question order dt 9-9-2024 Annex 8 and order dated 21-2-2014 Annex 7 passed by the learned trial court respectfully may kindly be declared illegal and be quashed and the application filed by the petitioner under order 13 rule 3 read with 151 CPC may kindly be ordered to be allowed and plaint filed by plaintiff may kindly be ordered to be rejected.
Any other relief to which the petitioner is entitled, may be granted in his favour and writ petition may be allowed with costs.”
4. Briefly stated, the facts of the case are that respondents no.1 to 5/plaintiffs filed a suit (Annex.1) for possession and recovery of mesne profits along with permanent injunction against the petitioner/defendant no.1 for the property known as Godhdo ki Bagechi, which is situated outside Chandpole Gate, near Naiyon ki Bagechi and Rambavdi, along with the photocopy of the patta of the disputed property (Annex.3).
5. Thereafter, the respondents/plaintiffs filed an application (Annex.5) under Section 65 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 ('Act of 1872') for adducing the copy of original patta of the disputed property as secondary evidence, which was allowed by the learned Trial Court vide order dated 21.02.2014 (Annex.7). Thereafter, the petitioner/defendant no. 1 filed his written statements, while raising a preliminary objection on the maintainability of the suit (Annex.1) on account of the valuation of the suit, which was rejected by the learned Trial Court vide order dated 09.09.2024 (Annex.8).
6. Subsequently, the petitioner/defendant no. 1 filed an application under Order XIII Rule 3 read with Section 151 of the Code of the Civil Procedure, 1908 ('CPC') for rejection of the inadmissible evidence, which includes the photocopy of the patta of the disputed property, which was exhibited as Exhibit-1 and another exhibit, i.e. Exhibit-6 which is the patta of Purbiyon ki Bagechi, and while stating that it has been marked without the permission of the Court and was not presented by the respondents/plaintiffs at the time of filing the suit and therefore, it is inadmissible. The said application under Order XIII Rule 3 filed by the petitioner/defendant no.1 was partially allowed by the learned Trial Court vide order dated 08.10.2024 (Annex.10), wherein the contention of the petitioner/defendant no.1 that Exhibit-1, copy of the Patta was inadmissible, was rejected. However, the learned Trial Court vide order dated 08.10.2024 (Annex.10) allowed the application filed by the petitioner-defendant no.1 to the extent of denying the respondents/plaintiffs to mark the document as Exhibit-6, i.e. the Patta of the Purbiyon ki Bagechi inasmuch as the same cannot be exhibited without following the due course of law.
7. Thus, aggrieved of the orders dated 21.02.2014 (Annex.7), 09.09.2024 (Annex.8) and 08.10.2024 (Annex.10), passed by the learned Trial Court, the petitioner/defendant no. 1 has preferred this writ petition.
8. Learned counsel for the petitioner/defendant no.1 submits that:
The court upheld the Trial Court's decision on the admissibility of secondary evidence and the valuation of the suit, emphasizing the burden of proof lies with the petitioner.
There are two stages relating to documents. One is the stage when all the documents on which the parties rely are filed by them in Court. The next stage is when the documents are proved and formally ....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the party seeking to admit secondary evidence must establish the non-production of the original document as required under the Indian Evidence....
Defendants' failure to show due diligence and timely filing of documents justifies dismissal of their applications under the Code of Civil Procedure and no grounds were shown for High Court intervent....
Under Section 65 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, only a certified copy of a public document is admissible as secondary evidence.
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