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2026 Supreme(Raj) 379

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
Anoop Kumar Dhand, J.
Vikram Sharma S/o Late Shri Munni Lal Sharma - Petitioners
Versus
State Of Rajasthan, through PP. - Respondents
S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous (Petition) No. 3521 of 2019
Decided On : 25-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. Swadeep Singh Hora with Mr. T.C. Sharma
For the Respondent: Mr. Jitendra Singh Rathore, PP Mr. Vinay Pal Yadav

A plea of alibi is a matter of defence to be established during the trial and cannot be adjudicated to prevent the issuance of a summons to an additional accused under Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code, where a strong prima facie case of involvement exists.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure - Section 319 - Power of Court to summon additional accused - Essential requirement - The threshold for summoning an additional accused under the Code is a strong prima facie case, which is a higher degree of satisfaction than that required for framing charges. The court is not required to engage in a detailed analysis of the evidence or test it through cross-examination at the summoning stage. (Paras 20, 21, 22)

(B) Criminal Procedure - Section 169 - Plea of alibi - Admissibility at summoning stage - A plea of alibi is a matter of defence that must be established during the trial by the accused. It cannot be considered or determined at the stage of taking cognizance or summoning under Section 319. The opinion of the investigating agency regarding the absence of the accused from the scene of the incident does not bind the court. (Paras 17, 18, 19)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner challenged an order passed by the trial court allowing an application to summon additional accused persons under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on witness statements. The challenge was predicated on an earlier investigation report which had utilized electronic evidence to verify the presence of the accused elsewhere at the time of the incident, leading to a recommendation for their release under Section 169.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that the existence of a prior investigation report favoring the accused does not divest the trial court of its power to summon them if other evidence, such as eyewitness testimony, implicates them. The court emphasized that the summoning stage is meant to ensure that real culprits are not left out of the trial process, and the merits of a defence, such as alibi, must remain a matter for the trial proper rather than a preliminary challenge.

Issues: Whether the plea of alibi and an investigating agency's conclusion regarding the absence of an accused can be invoked to thwart the summoning of an additional accused under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and what the correct standard of evidence is at the summoning stage.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the duty of the judge is to ensure justice by including all those who appear to have committed the offence based on evidence presented at the trial. Since the plea of alibi is a factual defence, it requires evidentiary testing which is outside the limited scope of the summoning stage. Therefore, the order of the trial court was found to be legally sound.

Result: Petition rejected.

Table of Content
1. procedural context for prioritizing long-pending criminal cases. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. contention on summoning accused under section 319 crpc despite plea of alibi. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
3. section 319 crpc summoning requires prima facie satisfaction, with alibi as a trial defense. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
4. dismissal of petition with directions for appearance and bail without custodial arrest. (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)

ORDER :

ANOOP KUMAR DHAND, J.

Reportable

For convenience of exposition, this judgment is divided in the following parts: -

1Prelude
2The challenge
3Arguments by the petitioner.
4Arguments by the learned P. P. and complainant.
5Analysis and discussions
6Conclusion and directions

Prelude:-

1. The instant misc. petition is listed before this Court in pursuance of the directions issued by the Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of Vijay Kumar and Ors. Vs. State of Rajasthan (Petition for Special Leave to Appeal (Crl.) No. 773/2026, decided on 15.01.2026), wherein the Hon’ble Apex Court observed that in various matters, interim orders have been passed in criminal revision petitions and petitions filed under Section 482 Cr.P.C., as a result of which trial relating to serious offences such as murder, rape, dacoity, dowry death, etc., could not proceed and remained stalled/held up due to the passage of considerable time.

2. Directions have been issued to this Court and other High Courts to take up such like matters which are pending since long, on priority and decide the same expeditiously without deferring the hearings to subsequent dates.

The Challenge:-

3. By way of filing the instant criminal misc. petition, a challenge has been led to the impugned order dated 15.01.2019, passed by the Additional District and Sessions Judge No. 3, Ajmer in Sessions Case No. 07/2018 (CIS No.27/2017), by which the application submitted by the complainant-respondent under Section 319 Cr.P.C. has been allowed and cognizance has been taken against the petitioners for the offence under Section 147, 148, 323/149, 325/149, 302/149, 307/149 & 120B of the IPC.

Arguments by the petitioner:-

4. Learned counsel for the petitioners submits that during pendency of the instant misc. petition, the petitioner No. 1 Vikram Sharma has passed away, hence, instant misc. petition stands abated qua petitioner No. 1.

5. Counsel further submits that the alleged incident occurred on 10.11.2016 between 9-10 p.m. at an indoor stadium, where the Police arrived immediately after occurrence of the offence. The impugned FIR was registered on the next date by the wife of the deceased, wherein, the petitioners along with other co-accused persons have been implicated as accused.

6. Counsel further submits that after conclusion of the investigation, charge-sheet was submitted only against the co- accused persons and the same was kept pending against the petitioners under Section 173(8) Cr.P.C. and later on, the petitioners were also arrested.

7. Counsel further submits that thereafter, investigation was handed over to the CID(CB) and after thorough investigation of the matter, from all four corners, by the CID(CB), it was found that the petitioners were not present at the place of occurrence rather the petitioner No. 1 was 5 kms away from the place of occurrence and the petitioner No. 2 was in Pushkar which is 15 kms away from the place of occurrence. Counsel submits that evidence was collected with regard to the plea of alibi of the petitioners and considering such evidence, an application under Section 169 Cr.P.C. was submitted by the CID(CB) in favour of the petitioners for passing appropriate orders for their release. Counsel submits that the said application was allowed and appropriate orders were passed by the concerned Magistrate for releasing the petitioners on bail.

8. Counsel further submits that thereafter, a pre-mature application under Section 319 Cr.P.C. was submitted by the complainant-respondent, even befor

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