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2026 Supreme(Raj) 408

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
Ashok Kumar Jain, J.
Poonam Garg W/o Sh. Gaurav Kumar Garg - Petitioner
Versus
State Of Rajasthan, Through Secretary, Department Of Secondary Education - Respondent
S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 9572 of 2024
Decided On : 27-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. Arihant Samdaria
For the Respondent: Mr. Devansh Sharma, Dy.G.C. with Mr. Shreyansh Jain

In academic matters, courts should exercise restraint and avoid acting as super-experts. Judicial interference in competitive examination answer keys is limited to cases of clear, palpable error. Failure to raise timely objections during the prescribed process further curtails the maintainability of such challenges under writ jurisdiction.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Judicial review - Scope and limitations in academic matters - Court is not an expert body and should not act as a super-examiner - Interference in evaluation processes and answer keys should only occur in cases of palpable error and not through speculative or inferential reasoning. (Paras 14, 21, 26)

(B) Competitive Examination - Answer Key - Objections - Failure of a candidate to raise objections to a model answer key within the specified timeframe generally renders a subsequent challenge to the final answer key non-maintainable - Courts must avoid decisions that carry large-scale repercussions for other participants of a public examination. (Paras 9, 10, 24, 29)

Facts of the case:
A candidate challenged the final answer key of a competitive examination after failing to submit objections when the model answer key was initially published. The petition alleged that several questions were incorrectly deleted and that certain answer choices were erroneous. The petitioner sought a revision of marks and subsequent inclusion in the selection list. The respondents contended that the petition was not maintainable due to the petitioner's failure to participate in the prescribed objection process and asserted that the expert committee's decisions were valid.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that while some questions may have been assessed by experts based on non-standard material, judicial restraint is imperative. The petitioner’s failure to raise objections during the appropriate window, combined with the potential for widespread disruption to the selection process and the rights of other candidates, precluded the court from granting the relief prayed for.

Issues: Whether a court should interfere with the final answer key of a competitive examination under writ jurisdiction when the petitioner failed to raise objections at the model answer key stage, and to what extent courts can sit in judgment over the decisions of expert evaluation bodies.

Ratio Decidendi: Courts must exercise self-restraint in academic matters, deferring to the expertise of subject matter experts. Judicial review is strictly limited to issues of procedural fairness and manifest unreasonableness. Without a clear demonstration of palpable error, and given the failure of the candidate to utilize the internal grievance redressal mechanism, the court will not intervene as it would overstep its mandate and cause administrative chaos.

Result: Writ petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. prayer for judicial review and rectification of examination answer keys. (Para 1)
2. factual background of the competitive examination and the challenge process. (Para 2 , 3)
3. contentions regarding the correctness of answer keys and maintainability of the petition. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
4. judicial assessment of specific examination questions and the validity of expert determinations. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
5. limitation of court intervention in academic and expert evaluation matters. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
6. doctrine of restraint: courts should avoid re-evaluating examination results absent palpable error. (Para 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)

ORDER :

ASHOK KUMAR JAIN, J.

1. Instant writ petition has been filed by the petitioner with following prayer:

"In conspectus of the aforesaid state of facts it is humbly prayed that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to accept and allow this writ petition and

A. Issue an appropriate writ order or direction, quashing and setting aside the final answer key dated 29.2.2024 of master paper of General Knowledge Examination to the extent of deletion of Question Nos. 3, 26, 90 and 95 and consequentially direct the RPSC to correctly mark these questions i.e. Question 3 - Option (2), Question 26- Option (4), Question 90- Option (3), Question 95- Option (1).

B. Issue an appropriate writ order or direction, quashing and setting aside the final answer key dated 29.2.2024 of master paper of General Knowledge Examination to the extent of Question No. 30 being demonstrably erroneous and consequentially direct the RPSC to delete Question No.30.

C. Issue an appropriate writ order or direction, quashing and setting aside the final answer key dated 29.2.2024 of master paper of Sanskrit Examination to the extent of Question No. 84 being out of syllabus and consequentially direct the RPSC to delete Question No. 84.

D. Issue an appropriate writ order or direction, directing the RPSC to revise the marks of the petitioner after making aforementioned modifications in the final answer key and consequentially direct RPSC to re-issue the final selection list and waiting list accordingly.

E. Issue an appropriate writ order or direction, directing the respondents to appoint the petitioner as Senior Teacher (Sanskrit) in case she obtains the necessary cut-off marks pursuant to modification of the final answer key with all consequential benefits along with interest @ 18% p.a.

F. And pass any other order which this Hon'ble Court deem fit and proper in facts and circumstances of the case in favor of the Petitioner.

G. Award Cost of petition.

2. The brief facts giving rise to filing of this writ petition is that petitioner has filed an application for post of Senior Teacher (Sanskrit) pursuant to advertisement dated 05.04.2022 issued by RPSC (respondent no. 2). As per scheme and syllabus of competitive examination for Senior Teacher, the selection is based on written examination carrying 500 marks. There were two papers and paper no.1 was of 200 marks whereas paper no. 2 was of 300 marks. The scheme of these papers was as under:

"Scheme and syllabus of competitive examination for senior teacher The Examination shall carry 500 marks. There will be two papers. Paper-t shall be of 200 marks and Paper-ll shall be of 300 marks.

PAPER-I

1. The question paper will carry maximum200 marks.

2. Duration of question paper will be 2.00 hours.

3. The question paper will carry 100 questions of multiple choices.

4. Paper shall include following subjects:-

(i) Geographical, Historical, Cultural and general knowledge of Rajasthan.

(ii) Current Affairs of Rajasthan (iii) General knowledge of world and India (iv) Educational Psychology.

5. Negative marking shall be applicable in the evaluation of answer. For every wrong answer one third of the the marks prescribed for that particular question shall be deducted.

Explantion: Wrong answer shall mean an incorrect answer or multiple answers.

6. The minimum qua

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