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2026 Supreme(HP) 224

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA.
VIRENDER SINGH, J.
Kulwant Singh - Applicant
Versus
State of Himachal Pradesh - Respondent
Cr.MP (M) No. 2901 of 2025
Decided On : 25-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Applicant :Mr. Maan Singh, Advocate.
For the Respondent:Mr. H.S. Rawat, Additional Advocate General, with Mr. Rohit Sharma, Deputy Advocate General.

Bail granted in NDPS commercial quantity case where applicant linked solely by co-accused's inadmissible disclosure statement under CrPC s.162 and Evidence Act s.25; CDRs' evidentiary value deferred to trial.

Headnote:(A) BNSS - Section 483 - NDPS Act - Sections 15 and 25 - Bail during pendency of trial - Applicant implicated solely on disclosure statement of co-accused made in police custody - Distinction between formal arrest and custody under Evidence Act Section 27 upheld, yet such statement hit by CrPC Section 162 and inadmissible in NDPS cases as confessional under Evidence Act Section 25 - Evidentiary value of call detail records to be assessed at trial - No further custodial interrogation required - Co-accused released on bail during trial and later convicted possessing smaller quantity - No prior criminal record - Bail allowed on personal bond with surety and conditions. (Paras 16-25)

(B) Evidence Act - Section 27 - Police custody encompasses surveillance or restriction on movements even prior to formal arrest, rendering information leading to discovery admissible if from accused in such custody. (Paras 17-18)

Facts of the case:
Police on patrol intercepted car containing sacks of poppy straw weighing over 90 kg; driver attempted flight but caught, companion fled; driver disclosed companion's name and involvement in procuring contraband; companion declared proclaimed offender, arrested later; charge-sheet filed, trial commenced with few witnesses examined; prior bail rejected by trial court.

Findings of Court:
Applicant directed to be released on bail of Rs.50,000/- with one surety, subject to conditions including regular court attendance, no evidence tampering, no threats to witnesses, and no leaving country without permission.

Issues: Admissibility of co-accused disclosure statement made in police custody to implicate applicant; probative value of call detail records at bail stage; entitlement to bail in commercial quantity case with ongoing trial and weak direct evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: Statements by co-accused during investigation barred by CrPC Section 162; NDPS confessional statements to police officers inadmissible; CDRs provide metadata, not conversation content, relevancy for trial; bail not to be denied merely on commercial quantity where investigative custody unnecessary and no strong inculpatory evidence.

Result: Bail application allowed.

Table of Content
1. bail application claiming innocence, parity with co-accused (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. recovery of 90kg poppy straw during vehicle patrol (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
3. implication via co-accused custodial disclosure statement (Para 15 , 16)
4. custody includes pre-arrest police surveillance (Para 17 , 18)
5. co-accused statements inadmissible under section 162 crpc (Para 19 , 20)
6. cdr evidentiary value determined at trial (Para 21 , 22 , 23)
7. bail granted despite co-accused conviction (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)

JUDGMENT :

Virender Singh, J.

Applicant-­Kulwant Singh, has filed the present application, under Section 483 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter referred to as the 'BNSS'), with a prayer to release him on bail, during the pendency of the trial, arising out of FIR No.104 of 2020, dated 07.11.2020, registered under Sections 15 and 25 of the Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act (hereinafter referred to as the ‘NDPS Act’), with Police Station Banjar, District Kullu, H.P.

2. According the applicant, he is innocent and has falsely been implicated, in the present case. The applicant has been arrested, in this case, on 26.03.2025 and from that date, he is behind the bars.

3. As per the applicant, main accused Kulvinder Singh has been released on bail.

4. It is the further case of the applicant, he has no concern with the crime, in question and his custodial interrogation is no longer required by the police.

5. The applicant has also tried his luck, by moving similar application, before the learned Special Judge, Kullu, District Kullu, H.P. However, the said application has been dismissed, vide order, dated 29.05.2025.

6. Apart from this, Mr. Maan Singh, Advocate, appearing for the applicant, has given certain undertakings, on behalf of the applicant, for which, the applicant is ready to abide by, in case, ordered to be released, on bail, during the pendency of the trial.

7 On the basis of the above facts, a prayer has been made to allow the application.

8. When put to notice, the police has filed the status report, disclosing therein, that on 07.11.2020, the I.O., along with other police officials, was on patrolling duty and was present at Chyunthapul.

8.1. At about 04.45, a.m., they noticed a car, being driven by its driver, coming from Banjar side. The said car, when reached near the place, where picketing had been done, driver of the said car, on seeing the police, became perplex and tried to flee away from the spot, after reversing the car. In that process, the car struck against the hillside. His activities raised suspicion in the mind of the I.O., and when the I.O., along with other police officials, reached near the Car, the driver and his companion, fled away.

8.2. The driver of the car was nabbed by the I.O, with the help of other police officials, however, the person, who was sitting in the front seat of the car, fled away from the spot. Registration of the said car was CH01AR­9249. Efforts to nab the person were made, but, he could not be nabbed. No independent witness was present there, nor, any vehicle came there.

8.3. Thereafter, constable Vijay Kumar No. 372 and HHC Shyam Dass No.312, were associated as independent witnesses. Thereafter, the antecedents of the driver were inquired. He disclosed his name as Kulwinder Singh son of Shri Harmesh Singh, resident of Ahmadgarh, Mandi Ludhiana (Punjab). Antecedents of the person, who had fled away from the spot, were also inquired from him. He disclosed his name as Kulwant Singh, resident of Ludhiana (applicant).

8.4. On checking the car, ten sacks containing poppy straw were found. On weighment, the total poppy straw (Afeemdoda) was found to be 90.529 kilograms.

9. Consequently, the said contraband was taken into possession and rukka was sent to the Police Station for registration of the FIR. Accused was arrested.

10. During investigation, accused Kulwinder Singh has disclosed that a sum of Rs.10,000/­ was











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