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2026 Supreme(HP) 229

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
Rakesh Kainthla, J.
State of H.P. - Appellant
Versus
Rakesh Kumar & Ors. - Respondents
Cr. Appeal No. 290 of 2014
Decided On : 20-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr Ajit Sharma, Deputy Advocate General, Advocate.
For the Respondent:Mr P.P. Chauhan, Advocate.

In appeals against acquittal, interference warranted only if trial court's judgment patently perverse, misreads evidence, or no reasonable acquittal view possible on record.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 147, 148, 323, 325 r/w 149 - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Sections 313, 378, 437-A - Appeal against acquittal - Assault with bricks causing grievous hurt during shop closing - Trial court acquitted holding delayed formal registration despite same-day report entry, strained relations over land encroachment admitted by informants, eyewitnesses unreliable (chance witnesses with unexplained presence, contradictions/omissions on assailants, influenced by alcohol), medical evidence indicating missing tooth due to natural uprooting/mobility or fall under alcohol influence, no bite marks despite court improvement - High Court upheld acquittal as trial court took reasonable view supported by evidence; no perversity or misreading warranting interference. (Paras 12-14, 17, 21-22, 24-35)

(B) Appeal against acquittal - Scope - Interference only if judgment patently perverse, based on misreading/omission of material evidence, no two reasonable views possible and guilt view alone sustainable - Where acquittal view reasonable, appellate court refrains even if another view possible. (Paras 12-14)

(C) Chance witnesses - Testimony to be scrutinized with care/caution; presence at incident spot must be satisfactorily explained; doubtful presence justifies discard; not suspicious per se in public places but requires corroboration. (Paras 30-31)

(D) Enmity - Double-edged sword; does not discredit prosecution but demands corroboration for interested witnesses. (Para 9)

Facts of the case:
Informant and brother closing shop abused/beaten by accused using bricks causing head/face injuries including missing tooth; others joined assault; over land dispute where gift deed executed but alleged encroachment; same-day police entry, delayed formal FIR post-medical confirming grievous hurt; independent witnesses claimed rescue but partial/contradictory; trial court acquitted; state appealed.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution witnesses lacked credibility due to contradictions, improvements, chance nature, alcohol factor compatible with fall injuries; trial court reasonable view upheld; appeal dismissed.

Issues: Validity of delayed FIR inference; reliability of eyewitnesses amid enmity/alcohol; nature of dental injury; scope of appellate interference in acquittal.

Ratio Decidendi: Trial court correctly doubted case on suspect FIR handling, unreliable testimonies (omissions on assailants, chance witnesses, alcohol-induced fall possible), medical suggesting natural tooth loss; reasonable acquittal view precludes interference unless perverse/no alternative view.

Result: Appeal dismissed; acquittal upheld.

Table of Content
1. appeal against acquittal in assault case. (Para 1 , 2)
2. trial proceedings and acquittal on fir delay. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
3. state argues evidence misappreciation by trial court. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
4. defense upholds reasonable trial court view. (Para 10)
5. interfere with acquittal only if perverse. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
6. fir registration post-medical examination justified. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
7. enmity requires independent witness corroboration. (Para 18 , 19)
8. injuries possibly from alcohol fall. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
9. victim testimonies show contradictions, improvements. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
10. chance witness evidence requires caution. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32)
11. pw7 testimony unreliable and vague. (Para 33 , 34)
12. uphold reasonable acquittal; appeal dismissed. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38)

JUDGMENT :

Rakesh Kainthla, J.

The present appeal is directed against the judgment dated 30.04.2014 passed by learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Dharamshala, District Kangra, H.P. (learned Trial Court) vide which the respondents (accused before learned Trial Court) were acquitted of the commission of offences punishable under Sections 147, 148, 323, and 325, read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience.)

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present appeal are that the police filed a charge sheet against the accused persons for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 147, 148, 323 and 325 read with Section 149 of the IPC. It was asserted that the informant, Rajnish Kumar, was running a shop. He and his brother Sajneesh Kumar (PW2) were closing the shop on 14.02.2009 at about 8:30 PM. Rakesh Kumar @ Rinku and Pankaj @ Pinku came to the shop and started abusing them. Rakesh Kumar inflicted a blow on the informant’s head by means of a brick. Rakesh and Pankaj gave beatings to the informant and Sajneesh Kumar (PW2). Prakash Chand, Shareshtha Devi and Mona Devi also came to the spot. They also gave beatings to the informant and his brother. The matter was reported to the police. An entry (Ext.PW8/A) was recorded in the police station. An application (Ext.PW-10/E) was filed for medical examination of the injured. Dr Inder Mohan (PW9) examined Rajnish Kumar (PW1) and found that he had sustained multiple injuries. He referred Rajnish Kumar (PW1) to the Dental Surgeon for expert opinion. Dr Randeep Kumar (PW6) examined Rajnish Kumar (PW1) and found that one tooth was missing. He issued the report (Ext.PW6/A). Dr Inder Mohan (PW9) issued a final opinion stating that the nature of the injury was grievous, which could have been caused within six hours of the examination. He issued the MLC (Ext.PW9/A). Dr Inder Mohan (PW9) examined Sajneesh Kumar (PW2) and found that he had sustained multiple injuries, which could have been caused by means of a blunt weapon. He issued the report (Ext.PW9/B). The police registered the FIR (Ext.PW10/F) after the receipt of the medical opinion. ASI Dalip Singh (PW10) investigated the matter. He visited the spot and prepared the site plan (Ext.PW10/A). Rajnish Kumar (PW1) produced three pieces of bricks (Ext.P1 to Ext.P3) which were put in a cloth parcel, the parcel was sealed with four impressions of seal ‘M’, and it was seized vide memo (Ext.PW1/A). Statements of witnesses were recorded as per their version, and after the completion of the investigation, the challan was prepared and presented before the learned Trial Court.

3. Learned Trial Court found sufficient reasons to summon the accused persons. When the accused persons appeared, they were charged with the commission of offences punishable under Sections 147, 148, 323 and 325, read with Section 149 of the IPC, to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

4. The prosecution examined eleven witnesses to prove its case. Informant Rajnish Kumar (PW1) and the victim S

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