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2026 Supreme(HP) 313

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AT SHIMLA
RAKESH KAINTHLA, J.
Bhag Singh – Appellant
Versus
State of H.P. – Respondent
Criminal Revision No. 418 of 2015
Decided On : 10-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Lalit K. Sharma
For the Respondent: Ajit Sharma

Revisional jurisdiction limited; cannot reappreciate evidence without perversity. Overtaking motorcycle on curve amid oncoming traffic is rash negligence under IPC Sections 279/337; probation inapplicable; deterrent sentence upheld.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 279 and 337 - Rash and negligent driving - Bus driver attempted to overtake motorcycle on curve when truck approaching from opposite direction - Swerved hitting motorcycle causing injuries to rider and pillion - No mechanical defects in vehicles - Conviction and concurrent sentences of six months simple imprisonment upheld - Overtaking in violation of Rule 6, Rules of the Road Regulations, 1989, constitutes negligence. (Paras 2, 18-30)

(B) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 397 - Revisional jurisdiction - Narrow scope - Cannot reappreciate evidence or substitute views absent perversity, jurisdictional error or patent defect - Concurrent findings of trial and appellate courts not to be disturbed. (Paras 13-17)

(C) Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 - Section 4 - Not applicable to offences under Sections 279/337 IPC - Deterrent sentence required considering prevalence of road accidents. (Paras 34-38)

Facts of the case:
Bus attempted to overtake motorcycle at high speed on uphill curve; truck oncoming forced driver to swerve towards motorcycle causing it to fall; riders sustained injuries on right side; site plan, photographs, mechanical reports confirmed impact on right side; accused admitted driving bus and fall of motorcyclists but denied collision.

Findings of Court:
Eyewitness statements of injured corroborated by mechanical report showing right-side damage and photographs; mechanic's opinion on fall direction unreliable as not physics expert; no independent witnesses required absent evidence of their presence; negligence proved by improper overtaking manoeuvre.

Issues: Whether rashness and negligence established; impact of mechanic's statement on fall direction and right-side injuries; need for independent witnesses; propriety of concurrent findings and sentence including probation eligibility.

Ratio Decidendi: Improper overtaking on curve with oncoming traffic breaches road rules constituting rash and negligent act proximately causing injuries; revisional court upholds concurrent findings unless perverse; probation inappropriate for driving offences to ensure deterrence. Result : Revision petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. background of accident investigation and lower courts' conviction (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. parties' contentions on negligence proof and revision scope (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
3. revisional jurisdiction limited to patent errors or perversity (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
4. eyewitnesses describe negligent bus overtaking motorcycle (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
5. corroborative evidence reliable; defenses and mechanic rejected (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)
6. overtaking on curve with oncoming vehicle negligent (Para 28 , 29 , 30)
7. rash driving caused proven injuries to victims (Para 31)
8. cases distinguished; deterrent sentence bars probation (Para 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38)
9. revision dismissed upholding conviction and sentence (Para 39 , 40 , 41)

JUDGMENT :

RAKESH KAINTHLA, J.

1. The present revision petition is directed against the judgment dated 12.10.2015 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur, H.P. (learned Appellate Court) in Criminal Appeal No. 33/10 of 2015 vide which the judgment of conviction and the order of sentence dated 18.05.2015 passed by learned Judicial Magistrate 1st Class, Court No.2, Ghumarwin, District Bilaspur, H.P. (learned Trial Court) in Criminal Case No. 3/2 of 2014/12 were upheld. (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience.)

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present revision petition are that the police presented a challan before the learned Trial Court against the accused for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 279 and 337 of the Indian Penal Code (for short “IPC”). It was asserted that the informant Subhash Chander Chandel (PW-1) was riding a motorcycle bearing registration No. HP-23B-0279 on 09.08.2012. Pyare Lal (PW-2) was sitting as a pillion rider. They reached Awari at about 8.45 A.M., when a private bus bearing registration No. HP-69-2252 attempted to overtake the motorcycle at a high speed. However, a vehicle came from the opposite side, and the bus driver turned the bus to avoid the accident and hit the motorcycle. The motorcyclists fell and sustained injuries. The accident occurred due to the high speed and negligence of the bus driver. The injured were taken to the hospital, and intimation was given to the police. An entry (Ex.PW11/A) was recorded in the police station, and H.C. Bodh Raj (PW-13) was sent to the hospital for verification. He filed an application (Ex.PW10/A) for medical examination of the injured. Dr Deepak (PW-10) examined Pyare Lal and found that he had sustained simple injuries. He issued MLC (Ex.PW10/B). He also examined Subhash Chander and found that he had sustained multiple injuries. He issued MLC (Ex.PW10/E). These injuries could have been caused in a motor vehicle accident. H.C. Bodh Raj recorded the statement (Ex.PW1/A) of Subhash Chander and sent it to the police station, where FIR (Ex.PW12/A) was registered. H.C. Bodh Raj investigated the matter. He visited the spot and prepared a site plan (Ex.PW13/A). He took the photographs (Ex. 13/B-1 to Ex.PW13/B-6) with the help of the official camera. He seized the bus and motorcycle along with documents vide memos (Ex.PW4/A and Ex.PW1/B). The owner of the bus, Mahender Singh (PW-7), issued a certificate (Ex.PW7/A) stating that the accused was driving the bus at the time of the accident. Sukhdev (PW-5) examined the bus and found that there was no mechanical defect in it that could have led to the accident. He issued the report (Ex.PW5/A). Dev Raj (PW-9) examined the motorcycle and found that there was no mechanical defect in it that could have led to the accident. However, damage to head light cover, mud guard and rear-view mirror was caused in the accident. He issued the report (Ex.PW9/A). The statements of witnesses were recorded as per their version, and after the completion of the investigation challan was prepared and presented before



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