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2025 Supreme(HP) 1444

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
Rakesh Kainthla, J.
Nand Lal alias Nandu - Appellant
Versus
State of Himachal Pradesh - Respondent
Cr. Appeal No. 124 of 2013
Decided On : 14-10-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. G.R.Palsra, Advocate
For the Respondent/ State: :Mr. Lokender Kutlehria, Additional Advocate General

Victim's credible testimony in sexual offence cases suffices despite minor discrepancies from cross-examination/illiteracy, FIR delay in conservative society, absent injuries; corroborated by matching slipper recovery; non-exam of repetitive witnesses justified.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 354 and 452 - House trespass by night and outraging modesty - Victim's testimony credible despite minor discrepancy on sleeping location due to illiteracy and persistent cross-examination - Delay of four days in FIR not fatal as victim consulted Pradhan in conservative society - Non-examination of family members justified to avoid repetition given hard of hearing husband and repetitive son - Absence of injuries immaterial as victim slept on floor - Matching slippers, one left at spot and other recovered on disclosure, corroborate entry and identification - Defence of enmity with victim's son improbable and hearsay inadmissible. (Paras 13-39)

(B) Evidence appreciation - Minor discrepancies from nervousness or confusion not to discard truthful testimony - Quality over quantity of witnesses; no adverse inference for non-examination unless material withholding proved - Unchallenged testimony on recovery binding - Denied suggestions no proof. (Paras 14-16, 20-24, 33-36)

Facts of the case:
Victim sleeping with husband in room with half-open door awoke at 2 a.m. to accused untying salwar drawstring and dragging her out; recognised him, shouted, he fled leaving slipper. Family arrived; matter reported to Pradhan then police after four days. Investigation yielded matching recovered slipper per FSL; trial court convicted under Sections 354, 452 IPC instead of charged 376/511; sentences 1.5 and 2 years SI with fines, concurrent. Appeal challenging identification, contradictions, delay, planted evidence, etc.

Findings of Court:
Victim's version reliable, corroborated by slipper recovery; act constituted outraging modesty not rape attempt; sentences not excessive; appeal lacks merit.

Issues: Whether minor inconsistencies and FIR delay render victim's testimony unreliable; propriety of non-examining family; effect of no injuries and defence enmity; validity of slipper recovery.

Ratio Decidendi: Sterile testimony with ring of truth prevails over peripheral infirmities; delay in sexual offences often due to societal reluctance; corroboration unnecessary if victim inspires confidence, but here present via recovery; defence unsubstantiated.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. prosecution alleges nighttime house entry and assault attempt. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. trial examines witnesses; accused denies via enmity. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. trial court convicts under sections 452, 354 ipc. (Para 7)
4. appeal claims contradictions, delay, planted evidence. (Para 8 , 10)
5. state supports trial court conviction. (Para 11)
6. victim discrepancies immaterial if testimony rings true. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
7. fir delay in sexual cases not fatal. (Para 17 , 18 , 19)
8. non-examined witnesses draw no adverse inference. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
9. no injuries do not discredit victim testimony. (Para 25 , 26)
10. defense witness evidence hearsay or irrelevant. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)
11. denied suggestions prove no defense. (Para 31 , 32)
12. slipper recovery unchallenged, corroborates prosecution. (Para 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37)
13. house trespass and modesty outrage proved. (Para 38)
14. appeal dismissed; sentence upheld. (Para 39 , 40 , 41)

JUDGMENT :
Rakesh Kainthla, J.

The present appeal is directed against the judgment of conviction dated 28.03.2013 and order of sentence dated 30.03.2013, passed by learned Sessions Judge, Mandi, District Mandi, H.P. (learned Trial Court) (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience.)

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present appeal are that the police presented a challan against the accused before the learned Trial Court for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 452 and 376 read with Section 511 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was asserted that the victim (name being withheld to protect her identity) was sleeping in her room on 21.06.2009 with her husband, who was hard of hearing. She had kept the door open because of the summer season. The accused opened the drawstring of her Salwar at about 2:00 a.m. and dragged her out of the room. She shouted for help. The accused ran away from the spot, but left his slippers. The victim’s son and other persons arrived on the spot. The victim narrated the incident to them. She went to Pardhan, who advised her to file a complaint before the Police. The victim reported the incident to the police, who registered the F.I.R. (Ex.PW1-A).

3. SI Dharam Singh (PW-4) investigated the matter. He went to the spot, took the photographs and prepared the spot map (Ex. PW-4/A). The victim produced one V-shaped slipper and her salwar. These were put in the separate parcels, and each parcel was sealed with six seal impressions of seal ‘A’.The seal impression ‘A’ was taken on a separate piece of cloth (Ex.PW-4/F). The parcels were seized vide memo (Ex.PW-4/B). The accused was arrested on 25.06.2009. He made a disclosure statement (Ex.PW-4/C) that he could get the other slipper recovered. The accused got recovered a V-shaped slipper, which was put in a cloth parcel, and the parcel was sealed with six seal impressions of seal ‘P’. The parcel was seized vide seizure memo (Ex.PW-4/E). Specimen seal impression‘P’ was taken on a separate piece of cloth(Ex.PW-4/G). The spot map (Ex.PW-4/L) of the place of the recovery was prepared. Medical examination of the accused was conducted, and a report (Ex.PA) was issued. SI Dharam Singh filed an application (Ex.PW-4/H) before the Secretary, Gram Panchayat Taroh, for obtaining a copy of the Pariwar Register. The copy of the Pariwar Register (Ex.PW-4/J) was seized vide memo (Ex.PW-4/K). The case property was sent to the State Forensic Science Laboratory (SFSL), Junga and a report (Ex.PW-4/M) was issued stating that the slipper produced by the victim and got recovered by the accused could have been used by a single person. The statements of proseuction witnesses were recorded as per their version. After the completion of the investigation, the challan was prepared and presented before the Court of learned Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, Court No.1, Mandi, who committed it to the Court of Sessions for t


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