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2025 Supreme(HP) 1461

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH, SHIMLA
RAKESH KAINTHLA, J.
Sanjeev Kashyap & Another - Petitioners
Versus
State of Himachal Pradesh - Respondent
Cr. Revision No. 97 of 2015
Decided On : 15-10-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr Sunil Chauhan, Advocate
For the Respondents:Mr Lokender Kutlehria, Additional Advocate General

Revisional jurisdiction limited; no interference with concurrent convictions absent perversity. Minor witness discrepancies and investigation lapses not fatal where prosecution testimonies reliable and common intention in theft proved by concerted actions.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 379 and 34 - Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Sections 397, 401 and 313 - Criminal revision against conviction for theft with common intention - Police on night patrolling saw one person loading stolen tyre into vehicle, another in driver’s seat; both fled but apprehended nearby - Tyre identified as belonging to vehicle from which jack and rod seized - Concurrent findings of trial and appellate courts upheld by High Court - Revisional jurisdiction limited to patent defects, jurisdictional errors or perversity; cannot reappreciate evidence or substitute view unless gross error - Minor discrepancies in testimonies (daily diary date, photo locations, absence of jack rod) and lapse in investigation not fatal where core corroborated and unchallenged - Recent possession of stolen property raises presumption of guilt - Common intention inferred from one loading tyre, other ready to drive away, acting in concert - No motive for false implication shown; police testimonies reliable with ring of truth - Non-examination of independent witnesses immaterial in midnight incident without evidence of bystanders. (Paras 13-47)

(B) Evidence - Appreciation of evidence - Unchallenged testimony in examination-in-chief binds parties; cannot be disputed in arguments - Minor contradictions natural after lapse of time, not shaking core unless incompatible with credibility. (Paras 20, 31-32)

(C) Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Section 397 - Revisional court not appellate; interferes only for miscarriage of justice from glaring perversity, ignored material or arbitrary discretion. (Paras 13-16)

Facts of the case:
Police patrol at night spotted suspects loading tyre into vehicle near garbage dumper; driver’s seat occupant and loader fled on sighting police but apprehended by additional personnel; tyre matched one missing from nearby jacked-up vehicle; discrepancies alleged in daily diary date, photo sites, missing jack rod.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution evidence reliable; common intention and theft proved; no perversity in lower courts’ findings; sentence of three months’ simple imprisonment and fine appropriate.

Issues: Scope of revisional interference with concurrent convictions; effect of minor discrepancies, photo lapses, missing tools on credibility; proof of common intention and theft ingredients.

Ratio Decidendi: Revisional courts uphold concurrent findings absent perversity; police testimonies consistent on core facts, minor variances immaterial; common intention from concerted actions in theft; unchallenged presence and recovery suffice.

Result: Revision dismissed; conviction and sentence upheld.

Table of Content
1. revision challenges upheld theft conviction. (Para 1 , 2)
2. trial evidence and accused denial presented. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. lower courts upheld conviction under 379/34 ipc. (Para 6 , 7)
4. arguments on discrepancies and concurrent findings. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
5. revisional jurisdiction limited absent perversity. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
6. diary error clerical; unchallenged testimony reliable. (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
7. consistent police testimonies prove accused presence. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)
8. minor discrepancies do not discredit core evidence. (Para 31 , 32)
9. common intention under section 34 ipc inferred. (Para 33 , 34 , 35 , 36)
10. investigation lapses and absent witnesses immaterial. (Para 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43)
11. conviction and sentence affirmed; revision dismissed. (Para 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49)

Judgment :

Rakesh Kainthla, J.

The petitioners have filed the present revision against the judgment dated 11.11.2014 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge-II, Shimla, H.P. (learned Appellate Court), vide which the judgment of conviction dated 19.10.2011 and order of sentence dated 22.10.2011 passed by learned Judicial Magistrate First Class, Court No.2, Shimla (learned Trial Court) were upheld. (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience.)

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present revision are that the police filed the charge sheet before the learned Trial Court for the commission of an offence punishable under Section 379 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter referred to as IPC). It was asserted that ASI Shiv Kumar (PW6) and Constable Suresh Kumar (PW4) were on patrolling duty on 19.03.2009. When they reached near the garbage dumper on IGMC road at 2:30 a.m., they saw that one person was putting a tyre into the vehicle bearing registration No. HP-52A-1352 and another person was sitting in the driver’s seat. Both of them ran away after seeing the police. Constable Atma Ram (PW2) and HHG Yashwant Singh (PW3) reached the spot, and they apprehended those persons. They (apprehended persons) revealed their names as Sanjeev Kashyap and Vikrant Thakur. Sanjeev Kashyap also disclosed that he had removed the tyre of a vehicle bearing registration No. HP-10-1204. ASI Shiv Kumar (PW6) prepared the rukka (Ext.PW4/A) and sent it to the police station, where FIR (Ext.PW6/A) was registered. ASI Shiv
Kumar (PW6) investigated the matter. He prepared the site plan (Ext.PW6/C) and seized the vehicle bearing registration No. HP52A-1352, its key, registration certificate, insurance certificate, and stolen tyre vide memo (Ext.PW2/A). He arrested the accused vide memos (Ext.PW4/B and Ext.PW4/C). The photographs (Ext.PW8/A to Ext.PW8/E) whose negatives are Ext.PA-1 to Ext.PA5 were taken by Constable Lokinder Singh (PW8). ASI Shiv Kumar (PW6) went towards the vehicle bearing registration No. HP-10-1204 and found that its tyre was removed, and the vehicle was put on the jack and rod. The police seized the jack (Ext.P1) and the rod (Ext.P2) vide memo (Ext.PW-1/B). He found four nuts lying on the spot, which were handed over to Dr Suresh Kumar (PW1), the owner of the vehicle. ASI Shiv Kumar (PW6) recorded the statements of witnesses as per their version, and after the completion of the investigation, the challan was prepared and presented before the learned Trial Court.

3. The learned Trial Court found sufficient reasons to summon the accused. When the accused appeared, notice of accusation was put to them for the commission of offences punishable under Section 379 read with Section 34 of the IPC, to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

4. The prosecution examined 8 witnesses to prove its case. Dr Suresh Kumar (PW1) is the owner of the vehicle bearing registration No. HP-10-1204 from which the tyre was stolen. Constable Atma Ram (PW2) and HHG Yas

























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